24G 



THE CniL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[AlGUST, 



give notice to those passing outside tiiat the door was about to be 

 opened. According to V'itruvius, the vestibule, cav(Kdiuni, and peri- 

 styles, were tlie only parts of the house wliere a stranger might enter 

 uninvited, 'i'iie master of the house alone was permitted to enter 

 the gynaeceuni, or women's apartments. From the street entrance 

 is a passage, terminated by gates. On one side of this is the 

 stables; on the other the porter's lodge. This passage leads into 

 a peristyle or open court, surrounded by a colonnade. This 

 belongs to the gynajceum, where the mistress of the house occu- 

 pied herself with weaving and embroidery, in the midst of her 

 maidens. Next to this were the rooms common to the household, 

 and those set apart for strangers. The hospitalia, or strangers' 

 rooms, had a separate entrance-gate. Here the traveller was en- 

 tertained, and enjoyed as much ease as in a modern inn; he was 

 provided with supper and a bed on the evening of his arrival, and 

 the following morning went on his way, after receiving presents 

 of fruit, poultry, egg.s, and other such produce. After this was 

 the largest division of the house, containing the great peristyle, 

 and the principal apartments, such as the banqueting rooms, 

 pinacotheca, or picture gallery, &c. The eating rooms contained 

 triclinia, on which the company reclined at their meals; whence 

 the rooms took their name. The women never appeared at table 

 with the men; and into some of the oeci they were not even ad- 

 mitted, for which reason they were called andronis. Private houses 

 were mostly built of brick, the walls being plastered or stuccoed, 

 and the lacunaria constructed of wood. It is probable they had an 

 upper story; but the situation of the staircase is unknown. Mo- 

 saic pavemoits have been occasionally discovered, sujjposed to 

 have belonged to the courts of ancient dwellings. The well- 

 known design of doves drinking from a tazza, is from a mosaic of 

 this description. The great simplicity prevailing in private 

 houses caused the attention of the artist to be wholly directed 

 towards the decoration of temples, theatres, and otlier public 

 buildings. Perhaps it was for this reason that artists were held in 

 such great veneration by the Greeks, being regarded as men dedi- 

 cated to the service of the gods and of their country. 



For detailed information upon the subject of Greek architecture, 

 I would refer the student to the valuable works published by the 

 Dilettanti Society, and those of Mr. Stuart, i\ir. AVilkins, and 

 others, which cannot fail both to interest and instruct. 



^V'hen I hnve the pleasure of resuming these lectures after the 

 vacation, I shall begin with the subject of Architecture as practised 

 by the Romans. 



[The next lecture will appear in the October number of our 

 Journal. — En.] 



LIST OF AUTHORITIES. 



Vitnivius. — Histoire dts Arts cliez les Ant-iens, Winckelmann, — Topograpliy of Olym- 

 pia. Stanhope.— Encjclopedie Methndique. — Archilettura Antica, Caniiia. — Anliquilies of 

 loniJ, Dilettanti Society —Antiquities of Attica, Dilettanti Society.— Antiquities of 

 Athens, StUiirt and Revett.— Travels in Greece, Dr. Clarlie.— Travels in Greece, 

 Chandler. — Remarks on the Parthenon, Lucas. — The Erechtheion, Inwood. — Anliquilies 

 of Magni Gficcia, VVilkins.— Antiquities of Sicily, Hittorf.— Topography of Athens, Col. 

 Leake, 



METEOROLOGICAL QUARTERLY REPORT. 



liemarks on the Weather during the Quarter ending June 30, 1850. 

 By Ja.ves Glaisiier, Esq., F.R.S., Hon. Sec. of the British Meteo- 

 rological Society. 



The weallier during the past quarter has been variable, ami at times very 

 unusual. The temperature of the air till April 21 was 43^ above the 

 average, and tins period was free from frosts; from April 22 to .May 1(3 

 there was an average deficiency of 5° daily temperature ; from May 17 to 

 June 9 the temperature was aliout its average value ; it was a" in excess on 

 June 11, and 13^ in defect on the loth, and during the following night the 

 temperature of the air in many places was helow 32'', a very unusual circum- 

 stance for the season. I'rom June 18th to the 2uth the period was warm, 

 the mean excess of temperature was G°. Snow has fallen on several days 

 during the past quarter. 



The mean temperature of ihe air at Greenwich for the three months 

 ending May, constituting ihe three spring months, was 40-0", being of almost 

 the same value as that of the average from the 79 preceding springs. 



For the month of April was 48-5°, exceeding that of the average of the 

 piTceding 79 years by 2-8°, and exceeding that of the urecedinj' 9 years 

 by l-O". 



For the month of May was 51-3°, being 1-3° less than the average of the 

 preceding 79 years, and '3-1° less than that of the preceding 9 years. 



For the month of June was 60 8°, exceeding that of the average of the 

 preceding 79 years by 2 8°, and exceeding that of the preceding 9 years by 



The mean for the quarter was 53"4°, exceeding that of the average of 79 

 years hy 1-4°, and being less than that of the preceding 9 years by o's^ 



The mean temperature of evaporation at Greenwich for the month of 

 April was 45-4°; for May was 47-5° j and for June was 548^. These 

 values are 1'7^ greater, 30' less, and 01^ greater than thote of the 

 averages of the same months in the preceding 9 years. 



The mean temperature of the dew-point at Greenwich for the months of 

 April, May, and June were 41-7°, 43-4°, and 501°. These values are 1-0=' 

 greater, 40 less, and 1'8^ less respectively than the averages of the same 

 months in the preceding 9 years. 



The mean elastic force of vapour at Greenwich for the quarter was 0'318 

 inch, being leas than the average from the preceding 9 years by 0031 

 inch. 



The mean weight of water in a cubic foot of air for the quarter was 3'6 

 grains. The average from the preceding 9 years was 3"8 grains. 



The mean degree of humidity in April was 0'795, in May was 0*65, and 

 in June was 0'702. The averages from the 9 preceding years were 0'808, 

 0-788, and 0702 respectively. 



The mean reading of the barometer at Greenwich in April was 29'594, in 

 May was 29 714, and in June was 29-8-6. These readings are 0-114 less, 

 0071 less, and 0089 greater respectively than the averages of the same 

 months in the preceding 9 years. 



The average weight of a cubic foot of air for the quarter under the 

 average temperature, humidity, and pressure, was 532 grains, being of the 

 same value as that of the average of the preceding 9 years. 



The rain fallen at Greenwich in April was 2-4 inches, in May was 2-3 

 inches, and in June was 1-0 inch. The falls for these three mouths on an 

 average of 34 years are 1-7, 2-0, and 1-7 inches respectively. The average 

 daily ranges of the readings of the thermometer in air at the height of 4 

 feet above the soil was in April 16-0°, in May was 18-9°, and in June was 

 2()'0°. The averages for these three months from the preceding 9 veara were 

 17-4", 18 9°, 19-4° respectively. 



The minimum readings of the thermometer on grass in April was at or 

 below 32" on 12 nights, the lowest was 23°; was between 32° and 40° on 14 

 nights, and exceeded 40° on 4 nights ; the highest reading was 44". In 

 ilay tlie readings were at and below 32° on 13 nights, the lowest was l.'i ; 

 tliey were between 32" and 40" on 11 nights, and on 7 nights the readings 

 exceeded 40". In June the readings were at and below 32° on 2 nights ; 

 the lowest was 29"; they were between 32" and 40° on 6 nights, and they 

 exceeded 40° on 22 nights. At Cardington, as observed by S. C. Whit, 

 bread, Esq., the reading of the thermometer on grass in April was 12 

 nights, in May was 12 nights, and in June was 3 nights, below 32". 



The ternperatnre of the Thames water, from the observations of Lieut. 

 Sanders, R.N., Superintendent of the Dreadnought hospital-ship, was 48'4° 

 in April, 54"3° in May, and 63-7° in June. 



Solar halos were seen on April 1st at Greenwich, on the 2nd at Stone and 

 llartwell Rectory, on the 7th at Greenwich and Stone, on the 14th at 

 Stone, on the 17th at Nottingham, on the 18th at Guernsey, Greenwich, 

 and Nottingham ; on the 19th at Stone and Nottingham, on the 21st at 

 Hartwell Rectory, and on the 25tb at Greenwich and Nottingham ; on May 

 4tli at Durham, on May 5 at Uckficld, on the 7th at Durham, on the 13th 

 at Uckfield, on the 14th at llartwell Rectory, on the 19th at Durham, on 

 the 23rd and 26th at Hartwell Rectory, and on the 28th at Nottingham ; on 

 June 2nd at Nottingham and Whitehaven, on the 3rd at Nottingham, ou 

 the 4th at Greenwich, Stone, Hartwell Rectory, Nottingham, Stonyhurst, 

 and Durham; on the 5th at Stone, on the 8th at Hartwell House, on the 

 9th at Stone, Rose Hill (Oxford), and Nottingham; on the lOih at South- 

 arnpton. Stone, Hartwell House, Cardington, Rose Hill (Oxford), Norwich, 

 and Nottingham; on the 11th at Stone, Rose Hill, Nottingham; on the 12th 

 at Nottinghnra, on the 14th at Cardinglon, on the IGth at Stone, Rose 

 Hill (Oxford), and Nottingham ; on the 17th at ^tone and Aylesbury ; on 

 the 18th at Aylesbury, on the 20th at Stone and Nottingham, on the 2l!,t at 

 Stone and Nottingham, and on the 29th at Uckfield and Nottingham. 



Z«7iar Aa/os were seen on April 16th and 17th at Hartwell Rectory, on 

 the 19th at Wakefield, on the 20th at Liverpool, on the 21st, 22nd, and 

 23rd at Hartwell Rectory, on the 24th at Stonyhurst; on May 20th and 

 22nd at Uckfield, and on the 26th at Stone; on June IGth at Stone and 

 Hartwell Rectory, on the ISth at Stone, on the 20th at Guernsey, Stone, 

 llartwell Rectory, and Radclitfe Observatory, Oxford; on the 21st at Jersey, 

 Stone, and Hartwell Rectory ; and on the 25th at Uckfield. 



Paraselenes were seen on May 28th at Durham, and on June 20th and 

 2Ist at Stone and Hartwell Rectory. 



Parhelion was seen on May 21st at Nottingham. 



Aurorce Borcales were seen on April 5th at Whitehaven, on April 6th at 

 Durham, on May 12th at Aylesbury, Oxford, Stonyhurst, and Durham ; on 

 June 5th at Nottingham, on the 13th at Hartwell House, Ratcliffe Obser- 

 vatory, Oxford, and at Rose Hill, near Oxford ; ou the 26th near Man- 

 chester, on the 27th at Nottingham and at Chesterfield. 



Meteors. — .At Stone on April 10, at 10 p.m., a meteor shot from Jupiter to 

 7Leonis; on May 2, at 10 p.m., a meteor shot from Virgo about 4° from 

 Jupiter, and went as far as Jupiter; on May 29, at lOh. 5m. p.m., a meteor 

 shot from o Cygni southwards ; on June 4, at llh. 28m. p.m., a meteor 

 shot from a Ursa Minor (Polaris) to 5 Ursa .Major ; on the Kilh, ;it Oh. 2om. 

 a.m., a meteor shot from the west of 6 Cassiopeae, and went 4° north ; oa 

 the same night, at Oh. 40m. a.m., a splendid meteor, larger than a star i f 

 the first magnitude, shot from the west of Capella 10° east of due north, 



