1850.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



557 



DOVER MARKET AND MUSEUM. 



Edmund Woodtiiorpb, Architect. 



{IFith Engrainngs.) 



The building here represented has been lately erected for the 

 purpose of affording to the inhabitants of Dover the twofold 

 advantage of a market and nuisenni. Tlie expense of erecting 

 that portion of flie building forming the museum has been defrayed 

 by means of a halfpenny rate — an act liaving been recently passed 

 for the purpose of favouring sucli eligible undertakings; the 

 expenses of the market being defrayed from a separate fund 

 dependent upon a toll. The different parties interested in this 

 laudable scheme have united their resources upon tlie principle of 

 utilitarian economy: hence the very agreeable and profitable result 

 of adding a most valuable and effective feature to the town of 

 Dover. 



The market, which serves as a basement to the museum, is 

 surrounded by arcades, and is subdivided in the interior by cast- 

 iron columns, whidi act as the main supports to the floor above. 

 The staircase leading to the m\iseum springs from a recess within 

 the centre arcli of the main front of the building, and is so planned 

 as to completely separate the museum from the market below; 

 The piers of the arches in the principal front are of stone; the 

 remainder of the building is of brick, stuccoed. The building is 

 63 feet wide by 100 feet in depth; its cost in erecting was -t.OOO/. 

 It has been built from the designs and under tlie superintendence 

 of Mr. Edmund Woodthorpe, of London. 



We congratulate the projectors of this scheme upon having 

 selected so appropriate a style of architecture for their building; 

 the pure Italian style — of whicli this building presents a graceful 

 specimen — being so completely identified with the growth of 

 intellect and the march of modern civilisation, is in the highest 

 degree applicable to an edifice the cliief purpose of which is so 

 illustrative of the progress of learning and the development of 

 taste wliich mark tlie present era. 



It will be remarked that in the composition of this design, much 

 playfulness of effect is pi-oduced by a judicious treatment of 

 very simple materials; the coupling of the pilasters at the angles of 

 the building is an expedient much to be commended in this 

 instance: for this feature not only completes the design which 

 otlierwise would appear as a mere portion of a facade, but it pro- 

 duces great variety with apparently but little effort; and is more- 

 over agreeable to reason on the score of giving an appearance of 

 strength to those parts of the biiildiug where additional strength is 

 required. In compositions of this kind the coupling of the columns 

 or pilasters at tlie extremities of the facade should ever be consi- 

 dered as a stringent law. Considering tlie two very different 

 objects for whicli this building was erected, the composition as a 

 whole possesses the very great merit of displaying a fit and appro- 

 priate character. '1 he establishing museums in our provincial 

 towns is an intei-esting suliject; and one which as regards our own 

 country presents tlie charm of novelty. ^Ve therefore feel much 

 pleasure in selecting it as a theme for further consideration. 



WATER SUPPLY FOR LIVERPOOL. 



Report of Robert Stephenson, C.E., on the Supply of Water 

 to the Town of Liverpool. 



{Continued from page 235.) 



In the outset of this investigation, I certainly was not prepared 

 to find that the multitude of fissures would not enalile a greater 

 quantity of water than has been proved by observation and ex- 

 periment to flow to any given spot, as I was aware of the great 

 facility witli which water passes through some of the liiglily 

 fissured primary rocks, as well as the mountain limestone and 

 some portions of tlie chalk formation, which sometimes give birth 

 at one point to considerable rivers. The difference is doubtless 

 owing to the fissures being less in the new red sandstone at Liver- 

 pool than in those formations, and with such a variety of results, 

 it is evident that experiment in each locality becomes the only true 

 guide to the determination of the actual resistance offered by any 

 particular formation to the free passage of water. The trials now 

 brouglit together, wliich Iiave been made in and near Liverpool, 

 would appear to show distinctly tliat a larger supply, from one 

 oint, than about 1,000,000 gallons a day cannot be safely calcu- 

 ated on; and several distinguished scientific men and engineers 

 concur in this opinion. It also appears that the wells, to yield 



I 



large quantities of water, must be at considerable distances apart. 



With the conviction thus impressed on me that none of the 

 plans hitherto suggested is adequate to the supply of the present 

 and prospective wants of Liverpool, and, as no efficient scheme 

 lias, to my tliinking, been brouglit forward for rendering fully 

 available the supply of water in the sandstone, I venture to 

 devise a system of independent wells, placed throughout the 

 district, and lying generally to the east of Liverpool; and the 

 stations at Green Lane and U'indsor, so often already referred to, 

 afford again materials for estimating the cost of such a plan, 

 witliout liability to material error. 



Tlie cost of the Green Lane pumping establishment, exclusive 

 of that of mains, is already stated to have been about 19,000/. and 

 tlie \Vindsor station nearly 30,000/. The former is scarcely com- 

 plete, having no cottages for the engine-men and firemen; and the 

 latter has a valuable parcel of disposable land attached to it. 

 But judging from these instances, I tliink the cost of each of the 

 new stations at a greater distance from the town may be fairly 

 taken at 20,000/. Tlie price of the land miglit, from the localities, 

 be somewhat less than at the existing stations, wliile engines of 

 greater power would be required. Green Lane and Windsor are 

 together equal to tlie supply of 2,000,000 gallons a-day; so that, 

 assuming that they will continue this supply permanently, and 

 that the total quantity required is 8,000,000, si.\ new stations must 

 be constructed, which, at a cost of 20,0*0/. each, will amount to 

 120,000/.; and as tlie mains connecting tliem and the storage 

 reservoirs at Kensington will cost about 48,000/., there will be 

 (with 10 per cent, for contingencies) a total cost of 185,000/. 

 requisite for tlie present supply; and for 11,000,000 of gallons, 

 whicli will be required at the end of about 10 years, the cost will 

 amount to 277,000/., — an amount apparently in excess of the cal- 

 culations already given, but in fact quite consistent, as the rela- 

 tion between the cost and supply cannot remain the same for 

 quantities from different distances. 



The first objection which will perhaps be made to this plan is, 

 the want of concentration, u|)on which so much stress has been 

 laid, and wliich in some manufactures is doubtless the very essence 

 of cheap production; but it is not so applicable in a case of the 

 liresent kind. Tlie chief argument that has been adduced in its 

 support rests upon the opportunity it is supposed to afford of dis- 

 pensing witli duplicate engines; wliereas, vvith so many constantly 

 at work, the failure of one will produce slight inconvenience, and 

 the objection may be entirely obviated, by having an additional 

 station, to be worked in case of need. Besides which, in supplying 

 a town varying in level from a number of detached pumping sta- 

 tions, the water need not all be pumped to the highest reservoir, and 

 the saving of power would fully compensate for any advantages 

 derivable from the concentration of the establishment, while 

 economy would result from tlie sulistitution of mains for tunnels. 



The following estimate of tlie annual cost of working this system 

 of wells is based upon the actual cost of Green Lane and ^Vindsor, 

 where the expense of obtaining 1,000,000 gallons a-day from eacli 

 is;— 



For cnrteiit expenses including superintendence .. £1100 



Depreciation u]H)n en;rines and machinery, engine-houses, 



and tooling-pond, £11,200 at 2 per cent. .. .. 224 



Total £1321 



And at each new station the corresponding expense will be — 



For curienl expenses, includuig superintendence .. £1100 

 Depieciation upon enaines and niaciiinery, engine-houses, 



and couiing-ponds, £12.000 at 2 per cent. .. .. 240 



Depieciation uf mains, £8000 at ^percent. .. .. 20 



Interest on capital — namely, £30, 8U0 at 4i percent.. 1386 



Compensation to landowners .. .. .. .. 250 



Total £2996 



The annual expense of obtaining any number of million gallons 

 a-day can now be readily arrived at, and the following table shows 

 it from eight to fourteen millions: — 



To olitain 8 millicm gallons. 2 old stations — 6 new. Cost a year £20,624 



.. y .. 2 .. 7 .. 23,620 



10 .. 2 .. 8 .. 26,618 



11 .. 2 .. 9 .. 29,612 

 ..12 .. 2 ..10 .. 32,608 

 ..13 .. 2 .. 11 .. ' 35.604 

 ..11 .. 2 ..12 .. 38,600 



These calculations, if not exact, are certainly such approxima- 

 tions as wiU justify their application in a comparison with other 



35 



