372 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[August, 



M'hite Paint. — The Frfinch chymists have discovered a process by which 

 a vpbite paint is obtained from zinc, of a character eminently fitted for every 

 purpose for which wliite lead has hitherto been applied, ft vfouM appear 

 that (luring the manufacture of the zinc, a stream of atmospheric air is con- 

 stantly made to disseminate itself throughout the preparation; and by this 

 simple process the many objectionable characteristics of the zinc paint, in 

 general, are efiectually removed. The French government have awarded 

 high honours to the discoverers, and have extended the more solid advan- 

 tages of direct encouragement to the patent — the poisonous white lead hav- 

 ing been denounced in all the public works, and the white zinc paint unrler 

 notice generally adopted ; nor has this been done without those necessary 

 tests of excellence which should always mark a course which is intended as 

 a general example. Tfiis paint is perfectly innocent, both to the artizan and 

 to those inhabiting places covered by it. For iron it proves an immediate 

 preservative, pnterin? at once into the pores of the metal and prorlucing an 

 amalgaij. The i:entlenipn di'puied to give it the most extendeil publicity in 

 this country are the Messrs. Huhbuck-, opposite the Lnnrlon Docks, who 

 have already made arrangements for its manufacture and economical distri- 

 bution. It may be adHed tliat its application has a decided sanitary effect, 

 and nihinfects every substance upon which it is laid. 



PaorixTioN OF Irov fkom Oxidation, — The following report " On the 

 Method employed by M.Paris, for Protecting Iron from Oxidation," has been 

 jiresentt-d by M. Ebelmen to the French Society of Arts: — Various means 

 have hitherto been employed for the purpose of protecting iron from the 

 destructive action of air and moisture; up to the present time, the applica- 

 tion of a thin layer of another metal to tlie surface of the iron has been the 

 basis of all these methods of preservation ; and tin, lead, and zinc, have all 

 been employed for this purpose. Iron can he preserved from oxidation and 

 destruction by covering its surface with a vitreous substance, and it is this 

 process which M. Paris has adopted in the preparation of the various objects 

 submitted to the notice of the Society: these objects consist of various 

 utensils employed in domestic economy — iron pipes, chemical apparatus, 

 sheet-iron for roofing, &c. Your committee of chemical arts have examined 

 these specimens, with a view to ascertain whether the iron prepared by tiie 

 process of M. Paris presents those conditions of solidity, strength, and dura- 

 iiility announced by the author of the discovery. The composition which 

 M. Paris applies to the iron is a real transparent glass, which allows the 

 colour of the metal to be seen through it. The composition is spread with 

 regularity, and leaves no portion of the metal uncovered — a very important 

 circumstance. It does not peel off or crack when exposed to the direct 

 action of the fire. Three times have we heated to redness the bottom of a 

 prepared iron capsule, until the composition has become quite soft, and then 

 plunged it into cold water ; it was only in the third experiment that some 

 small portions of the glaze, were detached frnm the metal in small scales. 

 Is'o fissure or crack was produced during this trial. Hot and concentrated 

 acids scarcely have the slightest action on this unoxidisible iron. Such, 

 however, is not the case with alkaline liquors. We boiled for about two 

 hours a weak sulution of a potash in one of the prepared capsules ; the re- 

 sulting liquor contained silex and boracic acid in appreciable quantities. We 

 are of opinion that the unoxidisible iron of M. Paris offers the conditions of 

 resistance and unalterability announced by the inventor; consequently, this 

 new product appears to us susceptible of several very advantageous applica- 

 tions. 



IvoRV Engraving. — The process used to cover ivory with ornaments and 

 designs in black, consists in engraving in the ivory itself, and then filling in 

 the designs with a black hard varnish. To obtain finer and more regular 

 designs, the ivory is to be covered with the common ground, and by means 

 of the point the designs are engraved upon it. They are then eaten in by 

 a sol'.iliou formed as follows: — Fine silver, G parts; nitric acid, 30 parts ; dis- 

 tilled wiiter, 125 parts (by weight). At the end of a half-hour, according to the 

 depth to be given, it is to be washed with distilled water, and dried with 

 bibulous paper. The design is then exposed for an hour to the solar light, 

 and the layer of wax is removed by essence of turpentine. The design has 

 then a black colour or a daik brown, which blackens entirely at the end of 

 one or two days. Other culours may be produced, by replacing the solution 

 of uitrate of silver by a solutiou of gold or pUtiD.t in aqua regia, or of 

 copper in nitric acid. 



LIST OF KE'^V PATENTS 



GRANTED IN ENGLAND FROM JuNE 20, TO JCLi' 25, 1850, 



Sir Months allowed/or Enrolmentf unless otherwise expressed. 



William Saunders, of the firm of Randell and Saunder*, of Bath, Somerset, slone 

 meroliant'i, for improvements in sawing and sawing machinery. — June 20. 



Jolm Hunt, of Stratford, Essex, engineer, for im pro vera en is in forming and moulding 

 plastic substances, and the machinery and aj)piratus employed therein. — June dO. 



Robert Andrew Macfie, of Liverpool, sugar refiner, for improvements in manufac- 

 turing, refining, and preparing sugar, also iniprovemeuts in muuui'aciuring and treating 

 anhuai (jhurcoal — June ^-1. 



Henry Stephens, of Stamford street, Blackfriars-road, writing fluid manufacturer, and 

 Edwyn VVylder. of I'addiriKtoa, Middlesex, mechanist, for certain improvements in ever- 

 pointed pentils, pons, and penholders. — June -4. 



M'illiaui Laird, of Liverpool, merchant, for improvements in life boats, and in appa- 

 ratus lor filtering and purifying water. (A commuoitatloa.J- June -■!. 



Joshua Vickerman Binn», of Lockwood, near Hu:Ider8fi.-Id, York, mechanic for im- 

 provements in piecing wool t-ardinga, and in a mPchinecaUed a piecing.mat-hine— June 24 

 Kdward Milche.l, of Great Sutton-street. Clerkenweli, gentlemau, tor improvements in 

 fastemngs for iifticles used for writing and drawing and other purposes, ana liuyrove- 

 ments in articles to be used fur writing and drawing.— June 2A. 



John Percy, of Kirmingham, doctoi of medicine, and Henry Wtggin, of the same 

 phice, oiamiucturer, tor a new melalMe alloy, or new metallic alloys. — June 24. 



Thomas Fulljames. of Old Kent-road, gentleman, or certain improvements in ma- 

 chinery or apparatus for raisiog, lowering, and moving weights or other heavy bodies — 

 June 26. 



James Forater. of I/iverpool, merchant, for improvements in filtering water and other 

 liquids, — June 27. 

 Joseph Foot, of Spital-squar*, Middlesex, for improvements in boilers.— June 27. 

 William Lancaster, of New Bond-street, Middlesex, puumaker, for impruvetuents in 

 the manufacture of fire arms and cannon, and of percussion tubes.— July ;i. 



John Coope Hadd:m, of Bloomsbury-square. Middlesex, civil engineer, for improve- 

 ments in the construction of carriages and of wheels, and in brickwork. — July 3. 



Francis F.dward Colegrave, of Krighton, Esq., for improvements in the valves of steam 

 and other engines in causing the driv:og wheels of locomotive engines to bile the rails, 

 and also in supplying water to steam boilers.— July 3. 



Charles Phillips, ol Bristol, engineer, for improvements in apparatus or machinery for 

 cutting turnips and other similar subst.inces as food for cattle.— July 'A. 



Kichiird Hornshy, of Spittlegate Grantham. Lincoln, agricultural implement manu- 

 facturer, for imptovements In machinery for sowing corn and seeds, and in depositing 

 manure in thrashing machines, in machines for depositing or winnowing corn, and lu 

 steam engines and boilers for agricultural purposes.— July 3. 



James Thomson, of Glasgow, civil engineer, for improvements in hydraulic machinery, 

 and in sti-am-engines.— July 3. 



Richard Winter, of New Cross, Kent, gentleman, f»r improvements in metallic vessels 

 for measuring and holding liquid'. — July i. 



James Ward Hoby. of Blackheath, engineer, fir certain improvements in the construc- 

 tion of parts of the permanent way of railways, and in shaping iron. — July 'A. 



Paul Rapney Hodge, civil and mechanical engineer, of Adam-street, Adelphi, for im- 

 provements in certain descriptions of steam-engines, and in the apparatus atid manage. 

 ment for cultivating and manuring the soil, and in treating the produce thereof. (A com- 

 munication.]— July 3. 



Wakefield Pirn, of Kingston upon-HuU, engine and boiler maker, for certain improve- 

 ments in tiie construction of the boilers and funnels of steam-engines. — July A. 



Charles Starr, of New York, United States of America, for improvements in bookbind- 

 ing. — July 3, 



James Kinesford, of Essex- street, Strand, Esq., for improvements In refrigerating and 

 freezing. — July 3 



Weston Tuxford, of Boston, Lincoln, for improvements in machinery for crushing or 

 pressing land, and for shaking straw; also iutprovements in applying steam-power to 

 agricultural machinery. — July 4. 



Henry Pratt, of New Bond-street, Middlesex, camp equipage manufacturer, for im- 

 provements ill the construction of portmanteaus and travelling trunks.— July 1'. 



Alfred Vincent Newton, of Chancery-lane. Middlesex, mechanical draughtsman, Tt 

 improvements in the preparation and manufacture of caoutchouc or india-rubber. — 

 July 9. 



Robert Rumney Crawford, of Warden Paper Mill, Northum'jerland, paper maker, for 

 an improvement in drying paper.— July 10. 



Jacob Connop, of Hyde-park, Middlesex, gentleman, for improvements in melting, 

 moulding, and casting sand, earth, and argillaceous substances, for paviug, builuing, and 

 various other useful purposes.— July lU. 



James Hill, of Slalybiidge, Cheater, cotton spinner, for improvements in or applicable 

 to certain machines for preparing cotton, wool, and other fibrous substances for spinning 

 and doubling —July 15. 



Tempest Ilooth, of Ardwick, Lancaster, gun manufacturer, for certain improvements 

 in the method of and apparatus for obtaining and applying motive power. — July 15. 



Edward N. Smith, of West IJrookfield, Massachusetts, in the United States of North 

 America, tor a machine to fold paper. — July 17. 



Eilward John Dent, of the Strand, Middlesex, chronometer-maker, lor improvements 

 in compasses for navigation, surveying, and similar purposes. — July 17. 



William Herbert Gubsage, of Stoke Prior, Worcester, chemist, for improvements in 

 obtaining certain metals Irom some compounds containing such metals, and in obtain, 

 ing other products by the use of certain compounds containing metals. — July 17. 



Jean Jules Varillat, of Kouen, France, manufacturing chi>mist, for improvements in 

 the extraction and preparation of colouring, tanninkr, and saccharine matters trom various 

 vegetable substances, and in the apparatus to be employed therein.— .luly 17. 



John Melville, of Uppur Harley-street, &Iiddlesex, Esq., for certain improvements in 

 the construction of railways and locomotive engines ani carriages, — July 17. 



Henrietta Brown, of Ivnuy-lane, Hermondsey, widow and executrix of the late Samuel 

 Brown, for improvements in the manufacture of metallic casks and vessels. (A commu- 

 nication.!— July 17. 



John oilvester, of West Brnmwlch, Stafford, whitesmith, for improvements in straight- 

 ening, flattening, setting, and sha|)ing hardened steel. — July 17. 



Ezekiel t' dmonds the younger, of Bradford, Wiltshire, cloth raanufacturet, for im- 

 provements in the manufacture of certain descriptions of wonllen fabrics.— July 17. 



Henry Bessemer, of Baxter-house, Old St. Pancras road, Middlesex, for certain im- 

 provements in figuring and ornamenting surfaces, and in the blocks, plates, rollers, 

 implements, and machinery employed therein. — July 22. 



James Bradford, of Torquay, Devonshire, jeweller, for improvements in locks and 

 other fastenings. — July 22. 



Thomas Wills, of Bow, Middlesex, engineer, for improvements in steam-engines and 

 in pumps.— July 22. 



josejih Paxton, of Chatsworth, Derby, gentleman, for certain improvements in roofs. — 

 July 22. 



Leonard Bower, of Birmingham , Warwick, manufacturer, and Thomas Fortune, of 

 Harborne, Stafford, mechanic, for certain improved machinery for manufacturing screws, 

 bolts, rivets, and nails. — July 23. 



William Bectson. of Brick-lane, St. Luke's. Ifiddlesex, brass-founder, for improve- 

 ments in water-closets, pumps, and cocks. — July 23. 



\\'illiam Edward Newton, of Chancer>*-lane, Middlesex, civil engineer, for improve- 

 ments in obtaining, preparing, and applying zinc and other volatile metals, and in the 

 oxides thereuf, and in the application of z'nc, or ores containing the same, to the prepara- 

 tion or manufacture of certam metals or alloys of metals. (A eommunication.>^July 23. 

 Georee Hazeldine, of Lant-etreot, Souihwark, Surrey, carriage-builder, for improve- 

 ments in the construction of wagons, carts, and vans.— July 23. 



Henry Const«iiiine Jennings, of Great Tower-street, London, practical chemist, for 

 improvements in rendering canvas, and other fabrics and leatlier, waterproof. — July 23, 



William Edward Newton, of Chancery lane, Middlesex, civil engineer, for improve- 

 ments in machinery for cutting files. (A communication.) — July 23. 



George Ituobar, Esq., of Paris, for improvements in suspending carriages. — July 2.3. 

 Langston Scott, of Moorgate-street, I^ondon, wine merchant, for improvements in a 

 mode or modes of preparing certain matters or substances to be used as pigments.— 

 July 24. 



Charles William Bell, of Manchester, Lancaster, for improvements in apparatus 

 connected with water-closets, drains, and ce»3pools, and gas and air-traps.— July 25. 



