362 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



fNoVEMBEB, 



METEOROLOGICAL QUARTERLY REPORT. 



On the Meteorology of England and South of Scotland during the 



Quarter ending September 30, 1850. By Jamks Gi.aisheb, tsq., 



F.R.S., Hon. Sec. of the British Meteorological Society. 



The mean daily temperature of the air was below its average value till 



July 13; the mean defect was 2-2°; from July 12 to theJ24th the per.od 



was warm, and the average excess of temperature was 4-8 ; from July za 



to August 3 the temperature was below the average; its mean deficiency 



was 1°; from August 4 to August 18, it was above the average ; the mean 



excess was 2°; this was followed by a long period of fine, clear, dry but 



cold weather; the average deficiency of temperature between August li» and 



September 17 was 3-5°, and after September 18 the daily temperatures were 



slightly above their average values. Snow fell on Ben Lomond on August 



The several subjects of research in the past quarter are detailed below. 



ne mean temperature of the Air at Greermnch for the three months 

 ending August, constituting the three summer months, was bfl , oeing 

 1-2° above the average of the 79 preceding summers.* 



For the month of July was 62-2°, exceedm;, that of the average of the 

 preceding 79 years by 0-9°, and of the preceding 9 years by Ow . 



For the month of August was 60-2°, being Oi" to than the average of the 

 79 preceding years, and 09° less than that of the preceding 9 years. 



For the month of September was 56-4°, exceedinf^ the average from the 

 79 preceding years by 0-1°, and Uss than that of the preceding 9 years by 



" The mean for the quarter was 59-6°, exceeding that of the averape of the 

 79 preceding summer quarters by 0-2°, and to than that of the 9 preceding 

 vears by 3°. 



The mean temperature of Evaporation at Greenwich for 'he J""""'" ot 

 July was 58-6''; for August was 500°; and for June was ^2-9 . ihese 

 values are 0-9° greater; 0-2° greater, and 1-6° to than those of the ave- 

 rages of the same months in the preceding 9 years. 



The mean temperature of the Dew Point at Greenwich hr the months of 

 July, August, and Se,,ten,ber, «.re o;, 8°, 53-1°. and 4//° respectively. 

 These values are l-s' ., reader, 20° to, and 4-7° to respectively than the 

 averages of the same months in ihe preceding 9 years. 



The mean elastic force of Vapour at Greenwich for the quarter was 

 0-422 inch ; being to than the average from the preceding 9 years by 



0008 inch. 



The mean weight of Water in a cMc foot of Air for the q^^-'t^J^ 

 4-8 grains, being of the same value as the average from the preceding 



9 years. , 

 The mean degree of Humidity in July was 0-88, in August was 0-81, and 



in September was 0-75. The averages from the 9 preceding years were 

 0-79, 83, and 0-85 respectively. 



The mean reading of the Barometer at GreemmcA in July "^^ f ;';;_ 

 inches ; in August was 29787 ; and in September was 29-930. These reaU- 

 ines are 0010 to, of the mme value, and 0121 greater respectively, than 

 the averages of the same months in the preceding 9 years. 



The average weight of a cubic foot of Air in the quarter was 527 grains, 

 exceeding that of the average of the preceding 9 years by 1 grain. 



The Rain fallen at Greenwich in July was 2-9 in.hes, in August was 1-9 

 inch, and in September was 13 inch. The falls for these months, on 

 an average of 9 years, are 2-3 inches, 2-6 inches, and 2 3 inches respec 



tively. ,• » 41, 



The average daily ranges of the readings of the Thermometer in Airit the 

 height of 4 feet above the soil, in July was 20-0°, in August was 18-6 , and 

 in September was 171°. The averages for these months from the pre- 

 ceding 9 years were 19-4°, 17-6°, and 189° respectively. 



The minimum readings of the Thermometer on Grass, with its bulb fully 

 exposed to the sky, was at or below 40° on 8 nights; the lowest was 34 ; 

 and was above 40° on 23 nights ; the highest reading was 55-5 . In August 

 the readings were at and below 32° on 2 nights ; the lowest reading was 

 26°; between 32° and 40° on 6 nights, and atiove 40° on 23 nights; the 

 highest reading was 58°. In September the readings were at or below 3. 

 on 9 nights, the lowest reading was 24°; between 32° and 40° on 6 nights, 

 and above 40° on 15 nights, and the highest reading was 50°. 



The daily horizontal movement of the Air at Greenwich in July was 79 

 miles, in August was 119 miles, and in September was 82 miles.f 



The Temperature of the water of tfie Thames, from the observations of 

 Lieut. Sanders, It.N., Superintendent of the Dreadnought hospital-ship, was 

 64-6° in July, 63-2° in August, and 579° in Septemner. 



TImuder Storms occurred on July 2 at Liverpool ; on the 4th, at Uck- 

 field and Nottingham; on the 9th at Uckfield ; on the loth at Oxford 

 Avlesbury, Hartwell-house and Rectory; Stone, Holkham. Norvvich. and 

 Oxford o^ithelt^^ 



fur some liarticilurs of all those yi-,irs. 

 t See the I'hilosopUcol Magazme for November for W n,d iBbles, S-c. 



wich, Nottingham, and Stonyhurst ; on the 17th at Greenwich, Uckfi<M. 

 Avlesbury llartwell. Stone, Linslade, Cardingion, Leicester, Greenwich, 

 Nottingham, and sw. of Punino; on the 18tb at Helston, Exeter, Green- 

 wich St John's Wood, Oxford, Aylesbury, Hartwell, Stone, L.nslade, 

 Cardington, Leicester, Durham, and Nottingham; on the 23rd at Jersey 

 and Hawarden; at Exeter on the 25th; on the 28th at Guernsey and 

 Helston ; on August 3 at Kose-hill, Oxford ; on the 5th at Holkham ; on 

 the 6th at Stone and Uunino; on the 7ih at Hartwell; on the 8tli at 

 Oxford Hartwell, Stone, Linslade, Cardiniiton, Hawarden, Liverpool, \ork, 

 and North Shields ; on the 9th at York and HartweU Rectory ; on the 12i_h 

 at Greenwich, Norwich, and Oxford; on the 13th and 15th at St. Johns 

 Wood - on the 19th at Liverpool ; on the 20that Holkham and Nottingham ; 

 the 21st at Nottingham ; the 24tb at Greenwich and Hartwell; the 2/th 

 at Guernsey; the 29lh at Guernsey and Helston; and on the 30th at 

 Guernsey; on September 20th at Exeter; on the 23rd at Holkham and 

 Norwich; on the 24th at Holkham; on the 26th at Stonyhurst; and on 

 the 30th at Jersey and Trowbridge. 



At Uckfield, during the third week of July, the weather was wet, and 

 several thunder storms visited many places in Sussex. 



At Hartwell Rectory, on July 15th, at 1 h. 30 m., there was a storm, with 

 thunder and lightning, and rain fell to the depth of 05.0 '"ch : the 

 weather continued stormy with sheet lightning all the evening. On Ji^ y 

 17th at 6 h. 30 m. p.m., there was another thunder storm, but very little 

 r.iin fell ; and sheet lightning occurred at intervals during the evening, to the 

 s and w. On July 18tb, at 3 h. 30 m. p.m., there was a thunder storm, 

 followed by sheet lightning all the evening, with heavy rain falling, 

 amouming next morning to 1610 inch. , „ . ,. 



At York, on August 8th, between the hours of 6 and 8 m the evening, 

 there was a thunder storm. The Diocesan School and the Roman Catholic 

 Chapel were struck by lightning, and injured. Sheep were killed, and two 

 individuals were knocked down, but no human hfe was lost. This was the 

 most severe storm which has visited York for the last 20 years. 



At Stonyhurst, on July 16th, the lightning was the most brilliant Mr. 

 Weld ever remembers to have witnessed. The thunder resembled the 

 explosion of fireworks, and on several occasions lightning darted from 

 the same centre in three or four directions: the sky seemed traversed . a 

 every direction by streaming lightning of the most vivid description The 

 thunder was incessant, but very distant, and no rain fell. Mr. Weld heard 

 of seven persons being killed, and about as many more struck, and several 

 valuable cows and horses were destroyed. 



Thunder was heard, but Lightning was not seen, on July 4 at Guernsey ; 

 on the 16th at St. John's Wood, Linslade, Stone, and Wakeheld ; on he 

 17th at Greenwich, Durham, and North Shields ; on the 18th at ^\al.efield i 

 on the 19th at Stone; and on the 23rd at Guernsey; on August 6th at 

 o" ford, Avlesbury, Holkham, and North Shields; on the 12th at Uckfield 

 Lh slade, Holkham, Hawarden, and Liverpool ; on the 13th f J^^f.^y; on 

 ^e 19th at Norwich; on the 21st at Dunino ; on the 23rd at Cardmgton; 

 on the 24th at Exeter, Oxford, Hartwell Rectory, and Storie ; and on the 

 2S,hat Nottingham ; on September 3rd and 24th at Aylesbury ; on he 

 •20, h at Durham and North Shields ; and on the 27th at St. John s Wood 



Lightning was seen, but Thunder was not heard on July 8th at Uckfield ; 

 on the 15th at Uckfield, Hartwell Rectory, Stone, and Monyhurst; on the 

 IGth at Leicester, Noi.ingham, and Manchester ; on the l/th at M. John s 

 Wood, Oxford, Hartwell Rectory, and Liverpool; on the 19th at S one , 

 nd on the 29th at Manchester; on August 5th at Cardington and Stone 

 on the 6th at Highfield House; on the 8th at Stonyhurst; on the 9ih at 

 Cardington ; on the 16th at North Shields; on the 22nd at Norwich and 

 North Shields; on &;;^emAer 23rd at Uckfield, Greenwich, L'-'^^^. -j 

 Cardington; on the 24th at Greenwich, Oxford, and Stone ; on the 29th at 

 Hartwell Rectorv ; and on the 30th at Helston, Uckheld, Greenwich, St. 

 John's Wood, Oiford, Hartwell Rectory, and Linslade. 



Auror,^ Boreales were seen at Norwich on July 5th; on the 12th at 

 NoVwIch- on August 0th at Stone; on the 21st at Stone and Dumno ; on 

 Wemb r 6th and 10th at Nottingham ; on the 13th at Nottingham and 

 Hawarden; on the 14th at Stone; and on the 28th at Hartwell House, 



"^;UrZ;w7^^:: Hawarden; on the 20th at Oxford an^^e. 

 pool; and at Dunino on the 21st and 22nd; on September 29th at 

 Guernsey ; and on the 30th at Jersey. 



Snow fell on Ben Lomond on August 23rd. 



Meteors. 

 At Uckfield meteors were very numerous during the nights of July Vi, 

 16 30; and August 9; September 10, 11, and 12. .„„„,ini, 



\t Hartwell Rectory, on August 11, a large meteor was seen at lOh. 



^"m Stone, on July 13, at llh. 20m. p.m., a meteor passed from Arcturus 



"'ofTui;'29,''"t"9h. 57m. p.m., a meteor crossed Corona Borealis from 



"■'•s'eptember 6, at lib., a meteor passed from Pi7V„°m^''rCor'o"n; Borealis 

 September 17, at lOh. 4m. p.m., a meteor passed from a Corona Borealis 



*"s:;te::hefT8:"kt 9h. 30m., a meteor as bright as Capel.a shot from 

 o Draconis to 7 Urss Majoris. 



