THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[Jan. 



Fig. 1.— Elevation. 



and two other st;urcasea leading also to the upper seats, and there 

 was a private entrance into the committee-room and the platform. 



As the dinner was cold, the first part of it was served upon the table 

 before the guests entered, and from the position of the butteries and 

 pantries, the waiters found it easy to serve anything wanted after- 



The roof of the building was supported upon its outer wall, and 

 upon two ranges of 12 columns each, one within the other; the dispo- 

 sition of the roofs and columns being symmetrical with the arrange- 

 ment of the seats, the sight was but very little hindered by these few 

 supports, which were posts, 12 inc. square, with the edges chamfered. 



Fis. 2. 



Plan of Seats. 



Plan of Roofs. 



Reieeence to Plan.' 



A. Commit..e Room. B, B. Buttery. C, High Table ^""^ ^-f f ■^^• 

 D, Vice PresRleut's Table. E, Pantry. F, Passage to Upi-er Seats. G, Pas- 

 sage on the Ground to Lower Seats. H, H, Stancases. 



The entire covering was divided into three roofs, one within the 

 other. The centre roof, 72 feet in diameter, was a pyramid oi 12 

 equal sides, the apex was 40 feet from the floor ; the base or top of 

 the posts supporting the wall plate was 29 feet from the floor. The 

 construction was 12 rafters, forming the angles of the pyramid, each 

 n3in.X4in.) abutting against each other in the centre, and secured 

 there bv a star-sliaped strap of half inch wrought iron, each leg of 

 which 'ift. 2in. from tlie centre, was bolted to each rafter; the other 

 ends of these rafters were secured and prevented from spreading, by 

 connecting the wall plates with strong wrought iron straps, each two 

 feet long, and forming thus a hoop round the base of this roof. 1 he 



ends of these rafters were also bolted to the upright posts. Light was 

 admitted through a space round this roof under the wall plate ; the 

 purlines supporting the oil cloth covering were laid upon these prin- 

 cipal rafters. 



The middle division of the covering between the outer and inner 

 range of supports was divided into 12 gable roofs, as their ridges 

 were level, and all tended to the centre; the valleys formed by the 

 sides of tliese roofs meeting each other, rise towards the centre, and 

 thus easily carry off the water. No ties were required, as the rafters 

 of each division abut against each other on the valley pieces, which, 

 supporting a considerable weight, required trussing; the trusses used 

 for these valley pieces (13in.x4in.) was an iron rod |in. thick, bolted 

 to each end of the piece, and an oak wedge being forced between this 

 rod and the underside of the beam formed the truss. 



The gable ends of these 12 roofs also admitted light, and being 

 under trusses, their tiebeams formed a continued line of support to one 

 end of the rafters of the beam to the roof; the other ends of these 

 rafters (averaging 17 feet long) are supported on the outer wall, this 

 lean-to roof round the building, being the third or outer division of 

 the whole covering. 



It is to be remarked that within the space included by the covering, 

 there is not one horizontal or isolated tie. 



The material used for the covering was floor-cloth, prepared only 

 on one side ; it was returned to the maker after the building was 

 taken down; the floor of the Pavilion was supported on 9in. brick 

 walls, the outer enclosure was faced with the outside slabs, sawn from 

 timber; the average height of which was 15 feet from the floor. 

 Light was obtained through the gable ends of the roofs, and the up- 

 right portion of the centre roof, all of which were enclosed with white 



calico. 



Mr. Wild's plan, with a model explaining it, was submitted or ten- 

 der, together with the drawings, &c., of another plan previously exe- 

 cuted for the society; this other plan was a parallelogram 113ft. X 

 l'l7ft. offices attached 14ff. X 84 ft. The covering was a series of 

 lean-to roofs ; the accommodation off'ered by both plans was equal. 

 The tender for this plan was £1225; for the plan adopted at Liver- 

 pool £1115 ; this diff-erence of expense may be accounted for by the 

 quantity of external enclosure being much less in the Liverpool plan, 

 owing to the greater capacity of the figure; and as each of the 12 

 divisions of the plan is exactly repeated, without any curved lines and 

 very little cutting, the construction is very simple. The principal 

 waste was in the covering of the centre roof. As no ornament was at- 

 tempted, the effect of the building was rude and naked, but the 

 great multitude of people in still widening circles around, had a grand 

 eftect. As the plan was symmetrical, architectural decoration could 

 have easily been given had it been required. 



The position of the building was very disadvantageous for hearing, 

 it being in a very noisy part of Liverpool: indeed, if, on the day of 

 the dinner, a space around had not been covered with refuse bark, 

 nothing could have been heard. 



There was no echo perceptible in the building, the voice seemed to 

 spread and lose itself as in an open yard. It was generally agreed 

 that those who spoke clearly and articulately were well heard. For 

 instance : Lord Stanley made a long speech, and seemingly without 

 any great effort or loudness, and every word was distinctly heard m 



all parts. , i , 



The building, with its covering, remained standing altogether about 

 six weeks ; it was exposed to some very severe weather, but showed 

 no sign of weakness any where. It was erected by the well known 

 and respected builders, the Messrs. Holmes of Liverpool, whose exe- 

 cution of the work gave general satisfaction. 



„., ,• !• ■ „ Wo liavp seen a set of drawings of these engines, 



P. area"^"^!?.' m7n fov"rlseratron"to''the Mod?l Gallery Somerset 



, n wl^ch . credit tJ the public spirit of the engmeers and the skdl of 

 h^' a^l Tl ev show fully how the most practical subjects when properly 



eate Lec.nrK of heauty. We should like much fur every engmeet 

 !iri/resem s "clVcorfs to public institutions, where they may be studied by 

 '.he profession. 



