32S 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[October, 



shaft is 15 feet, and it coutaius a staircase of black marble of 315 

 steps. 



In 1(570, St. Sepulchre's, opposite Newgate, was rebuilt by Wren, 

 jiuished IG74 ; but in 1700, it was again repaired, and much of Wren's 

 work effaced. 



The celebrated spire of St. Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside, (No. 38,) 

 was begun in 1671, and completed in 1077-8. tt is founded on a 

 Roman pavement, commences from the ground, and rises nearly plain 

 to a height above the bouses. The Palladian doric doorways on the 

 north and west sides, are considered good examples of that kind of 

 doorway. The tower has a second story, containing on each side a 

 window between four Corinthian pilasters, and is then surmounted 

 by a block cornice and balustrade, and each angle relieved 

 by a pyramidal group of bold scrolls, supporting a vase. Among 

 these rises a circular stylobate, supporting a temple of the same 

 figure, and of the Corinthian order, the cell of which serves to sup- 

 port the lower part of the spire. From the balustrade of the circular 

 temple proceed a series of carved flying buttresses supporting another 

 Corinthian temple, with four porticos of two columns each. On the 

 summit is an obelisk, supporting a large gilt dragon.* The interior of 

 the church is divided by arcades into a nave and side ailes. Lengtii 

 65 feet, breadth 62, height 3S. 



October 16, 1072, the first stone was laid of St. Stephen's, Wal- 

 brook, completed in 1679. (No. 23 and 24.) The body of the church 

 is nearly a parallelogram, divided into ailes. Four rows of Corinthian 

 columns form five unequal ailes, the centre being the largest, and those 

 next the walls on either side the smallest. Within one intercolum- 

 niation from the east end, two columns from each of the two centre 

 rows are omitted, and the area thus formed, is covered by an enriched 

 cupola, supported on eight arches, which rise from the entablature of 

 the columns. The columns are raised on plinths the same height as 

 the pews. Inner dimensions — length 82 feet 6 inches, width 59 feet 

 6 inches, height to the flat ceiling of the side ailes 30 feet, and to the 

 top of the dome 03 feet ; internal di.imeter of the dome 45 feet. 

 The dome is formed of timber and lead. Ralph observes that this 

 church is famous all over Europe. Perhaps Italy itself can produce 

 no modern building that can vie with this in taste and proportion. 



St. Michael's, Cornhill, (No. 44,) was begun to be rebuilt in 1072, 

 and its tower in 1722. The body of the church is in the Italian style, 

 and is divided into a nave and ailes by Doric columns and arches 

 supporting a plain groined ceiling. The walls of the church do not 

 form right angles with one another, whence Mr. Godwin infers that 

 Wren availed himself of the old foundations. The length of the 

 church is 87 feet, breadth 60, and height 30. The tower is in the 

 perpendicular style, in imitation of that of Magdalen College, Oxford, 

 and rises to the height of 130 feet. 



St. Mary-at-Hill, near the Custom House, was rebuilt in 1072. It 

 is 9G feet long, 60 feet broad, and to the centre of the cupola, within 

 the church 38 feet high. At the west end is an ambulatory. Four 

 Italian doric columns placed within the area support an entablature 

 proceeding from pilasters against the side walls so as to produce a 

 cruciform arrangement of the ceiling. The centre space is covered 

 with a cupola. 



In 1673, St. Benedict Fink, Threadneedle Street, (No. 54,) was 

 built. The external walls of this church form a decagon, within 

 which six composite columns form a parallel aile in the centre, and 

 support a small elliptical cupola. The spaces between the columns 

 are arched so as to form a series of recesses round the building, 

 having a singular effect. It is much admired by some of Wren's 

 disciples, but its merits are contested by others. Greater inner di- 

 ameter 63 feet, lesser 48, height 48. The tower and cupola are now 

 pulled down, and the church is to be refronted as part of the Royal 

 Exchange improvements. 



St. Olave, Jewry, begun in 1673, completed in 1676; the length is 

 78 feet, width 34, height 30. Height of tower to the top of the 

 pinnacles 88 feet. The interior has no architectural claims. It eon* 

 tains the tomb of Alderman Boydell. 



.I:.'^j_. J. * See an engraving in the 3rd vol. of this Journal, p. 32J. 



St. George, Botolph Lane, (No. 45,) was finished in 1674, and cost 

 £4509 4s. \Qd. It is plain and unpretending. The interior is divided 

 by Corinthian columns four on each side, far apart, into a nave and 

 ailes. 



St. Dionis Back Church, Lime Street, built 1674, consists of a nave 

 and two ailes, formed by Ionic columns, supporting what Mr. Godwin 

 calls an ugly entablature and arched ceiling. 



On the 21st of June, 1075, the first stone of the cathedral of St. 

 Paul (No. 1) was laid, on December 2nd, 1097, the choir was opened 

 for divine service, and in 35 years the whole edifice was completed, 

 under the direction of one architect and during the rule of one bishop 

 of London. Its cost was £747,954 2s. ')d. The ground plan of the 

 church is a Latin cross,* having lateral projections at the west end of 

 the nave, in order to give width and importance to the west front 

 elevation. The exterior is of two orders, the lower Corinthian, and 

 the upper composite, between which are generally semicircular-headed 

 windows in the lower story and decorated niches above, the whole, 

 except at the east and west ends, crowned with a balustrade, which 

 was forced upon Wren, by his brother commissioners, in opposition 

 to his own opinion. The two orders he was compelled to use, contrary 

 to his first design, being unable to procure Portland stone of more than 

 four feet diameter. At the west end, above a lofty flight of steps, is 

 a double portico of coupled Corinthian columns, twelve in number in 

 the lower, and eight in the upper, terminated by a pediment, in the 

 tympanum of which is sculptured the conversion of St. Paul. At the 

 extremities of the front rise two campanile towers, each adorned with 

 a range of Corinthian columns, and covered with a bell-shaped dome, 

 crowned with a pine-apple. On the pediment are colossal statues of 

 the apostles. The projection of the portico is about ]| diameter, 

 but to ensure depth of shadow, the central portion of the front wall of 

 the cathedral is set back 25 feet from the inner face of the columns. 

 The east end of the cathedral is terminated by an apsis, or semi-cir- 

 cular projection. At the junction formed by the nave and choir with 

 the transepts, rises a cylindrical wall slightly inclining inwards towards 

 the top, and from wliich springs the magnificent dome with the lantern 

 on the summit, surmounted with a gilded ball and cross. The drum 

 of this dome is surrounded with a peristyle of 32 Corinthian columns, 

 rising from a plain basement. The entablature of the columns sup- 

 ports a gallery round the basement of the dome, adorned with a balus- 

 trade. The basement presents a series of 32 pilasters, each over the 

 corresponding columns of the peristyle, with windows between them, 

 and over their entablature ; from a plinth of two steps, begins the ex- 

 ternal sweep of the dome. At its summit is a second balcony or 

 gallery, where the lantern commences. The interior contains a nave 

 and two side aisles, formed throughout by massive piers, dividing 

 them from the nave and choir, and adorned with composite pilasters, 

 from the entablature of which spring semicircular pilasters connecting 

 the piers with each other. On the face of each pier towards the 

 nave and choir is a single Corinthian pilaster, nearly equal in height 

 to the under side of the crown of the arches, supporting an entablature 

 which extends throughout the church. Above the latter is an attic 

 story, from which, at certain intervals, springs a semicircular arch, 

 spanning the body of the church, and over each of the spaces which 

 occur between these, the angles being filled with pendentives, rises a 

 small flat cupola from an enriched cornice. In the central portion of 

 the building, over which rises the cupola, are eight solid piers orna- 

 mented with pilasters similar to the others ; but the openings of the 

 arches are nearly equa lin height to the ceiling of the nave and choir. 

 Above the openings and around the dome extends a bold cornice, 

 forming the floor of the whispering gallery, and bearing an iron railing. 

 The drum of the cupola is adorned with a range of composite pilasters, 

 rising from a plain basement above the gallery, and between which 

 are windows. From the entablature of these pilasters springs the 

 inner dome, and having an opening in the crown in order that it may 



* History and Description of St. Paul's Cathedral, by George Godwin, 

 Jun., Esq., M.K. S., M.K.I.B.A. London, 1837. 



(Note). See engravings in the Journal, Vol. III. pp. 329 and 330, and 

 Vol. IV. p. 375. 



