1S42.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



399 



ladio — a very great merit indeed in ]\Ir. Gvviit's eyes. Whatever his 

 real abilities, Wyatt was incontestibly a celebrated architect, and eu- 

 titled to notice, if only as forming an epoch in the art, by being the 

 first to revive in practice, with any tolerable sncc^^ss, the pointed 

 style. If such omissions are to be understood as tacit condemnations 

 of the parties so excluded, they are not on that account tiie more 

 warrantable. Mr. Gwilt holds his St. Peter's keys rather too tightly : 

 since he passes over the name of Borromini in his list of architects, 

 he would probably exclude that of Cromwell from a history of Eng- 

 land, or Nero from that of Rome. Were biograpliical works to be 

 drawn up on the same principle of exclusiveness, were the names of 

 only the pre-eminently great and worthy to be admitted into them, the 

 70 volumes of the Biographie Universelle, would shrink down to seven. 

 After seeing Mr. Gwilt's Paradisto, we should like to take a peep at 

 \i\s Inferno ; and as we do not meet with Cngnola, Schinkel, Wilkins 

 and VVyatville in the former place, we shall, no doubt, find them 

 stowed away in the latter. 



THE ECCLESIASTICAL COMMISSION AND THE ARCHI- 

 TECTURAL SOCIETIES. 



Otii present number aftbrds much matter for meditation, and par- 

 ticularly to those who think these are times to set the public and the 

 march of intellect at defiance. To the unprejudiced observer it will 

 be pretty evident, that if the architects neglect their public duty, 

 there are others who will do it for them. The profession must, there- 

 fore, be up and stirring, or the Architectural Societies will play the 

 JVIairea da Palais to iheir fainrantisnx. Wliile the Royal Institute 

 of British Architects can scarcely find matter for its papers or for its 

 transactions, or any thing to do, lay architectural societies are spring- 

 ing up over the country, which find plenty to do, and seriously threaten 

 the prerogatives of architects. With the progress of these societies 

 we are much pleased; they are a good sign of the times, they promise 

 to educate the public, to employ the architect, and to preserve our 

 ancient monuments. But here we must stop — we cannot allow the 

 societies to be supreme judges of architectural merit and the dis- 

 pensers of patronage ; we think that they cannot become so without 

 injury to the art and its professors : it must take away the responsi- 

 bility from the architect and tend to patronize show instead of soli- 

 dity. As an instance showing some of the fruits of the proposed 

 system, we call attention to an advertisement from the Yorkshire 

 Architectural Society in our present number, calling on architects to 

 send in designs, without stating whether they are to receive either 

 premium or employment. We also invite attention to the outrageous 

 proceedings of the Ecclesiastical Commission, by which all the 

 parsonage houses of the country are to be put under one architect ; 

 and the same steryotyped designs universally distributed. Now is 

 the time, therefore, for the Institute to exert itself, to show regard in 

 its proceedings, to defend manfully the rights of the profession, and 

 to keep pace v.ith the spirited exertions of the architectural societies. 



DIRECT ACTION ENGINES, 



As it has been our good fortune to have published drawings and 

 descriptive letter-press of various engines of this class — the pro- 

 ductions of some well known tirms, it is now our intention to give an 

 analysis of the same, as it relates to their general proportions and 

 arrangements, strictly adhering to information derived from the pub- 

 lished statements, making t'ew comments, detailing facts, believing 

 the same will be interesting to our readers. We began with Mr. 

 Field's 2 cylinder engine in March IS-lU, Mr. Joseph Maudshiy's an- 

 nular engine followed in October 1841, which was succeeded by the 

 l^irago engine of Boulton and Watt, in its turn followed by the In- 

 Jernat's engine of Miller and Co., ending with a design for a pair of 

 engines by Borrie and Co. of Dundee. We now propose to analyze 

 these in the order jf their pablication. 



Mr. Field's doalle cylinder e7ig:ne, publiaied March 1S40, 

 p. 73, Tol. 3. 



Eac/t cylinder 35 in. diameter and 3 ft. 9 in. stroke, regular speed 



say 21) strokes per minute, or 105 ft. Then 



35 inches diameter = 962'115 inches area X 2 = 1924-23 inches and 



19:^4-23 X 195 X 7 



-^ — .,„ . ' =^ 79-593 horses for both cylinders, or in round 



Co JUO 



numbers, say 80 u.p., for which they were probably intended. 



Piston Rods 3i in. diameter = 10-21 in. area, less than^ diameter 

 of cylinder. 



Connecting Rod r>g in. diameters 23-75 in. area, a little more than 

 both piston rods. 



Air Pumps 24 in. diameter and 2 it. 4 in. stroke. The area = 

 452 X 28 in. stroke =: 12'ju6 cubic inches contents, and the cubical 

 contents of both cylinders, (area 1924-23 X 45 in. long) = Si)5'J0-35 

 cubic inches ^= Ij-S5 times the contents of air pumps. 



Condenser 3 ft. 10 in. across, 1 ft. deep, by 7 ft. G in. long = 28 ft. 

 9 in., say with convexity of cylinder bottom = 30 ft. cube. 



30 

 We have -— = -375 of a foot per horse, or for air pump (contents 



SO 



30 



= 7-318 cubic feet) ,-;-— = 4-1 times. 

 ^•olS 



Shafts. Centre of shafts 12 ft. in. above bottom of condenser, 

 or top of vessels floor timbers, adapted to a ship of 8 ft. 3 in. draff, 

 wheel being IG ft. 3 in. diameter, x 5-3 long and 21 in. breadth of 

 paddle, necks 9A in. diameter and 8 in. long, same as annular engine. 



Slide opeuinga, or ports. Hi in. long X 3 in. wide for each cylinder 

 r= 69 in. area. Slide va'.ve round, 15 in. diameter and 7 in. motion. 



Space required. Fore and aft r= 10 ft. 9 in. 

 Over all athwart = 12 ft. 9 in. 

 or say a superficial space of = 132 feet. 



Mr. Joseph Maudslaifs annular engine, puh. .Vor. 1841, 



p. 369, vol. 4. 



Cylinder, 54 in. diameter := 2290 in. area, and diameter of internal 



tube = 25 in. = 491 in. area, and 2-230 — 491 = 1799 in. the area 



of the working piston. Stroke 4 ft. =: 200 ft. per minute at 25 



1799 X 200 X 71b. 



strokes. We have 



70-3 H.p, 



33001) 



Piston Rods. Two in each cylinder, each = SJ in. diam. =: 11-044 

 area X 2 = 22-088 or 5i in. diam. if in o:ie, rather less than -^ diam. 

 of cylinder. 



Connecting Rod, = 5 in. diam. =z 19-ij3 area, or less than both 

 piston rods. 



Shafts, necks 9^ in. diam. by 8 in. long, same as in the two-cylinder 

 engine. 



..^ir Pumps, 2o in. diam. = 531 in. area x 2 ft. stroke = 7-372 



cubic ft. content. Cylinder 12-5 ft. area x 4 ft. stroke = 50 ft. cube 



50 

 contents, and -— — ^ C-75 times the air pump. 

 / -3.' 2 



Condenser, „(is near as can be obtained from drawing,) is i ft. X 



325 

 6 ft. 6 in. X 12 in. = 32-5 cu. ft. content. Then i^-^ = •125 of 



76.3 H.p. 



32-5 



a foot per horse, or for air pumps v-^, = 4-4 times air pump. 



t ''oi'2 



Slide openings, 19 in. long by 3i in. wide = 66-5 in. area, or smaller 



in proportion than the two cylinder engine. 



Space nquircd, is fore and aft, 8 ft. 6 in. 



Athwart, with 3 ft. passage between, 16 ft. 3 in. 



Say a superficial space of 138 ft. 



Virago Engine by Boulton, ll'att and Co., pub. Feb. 1S4-2, 



p. 65, vol. 5. 

 Cylinder, 64^ in. diam. = 3292-8 in. area, 5 ft. stroke, and 21i strokes 



3292-8 X 7 X 215 



per minute, or 215 ft. = 150 horses each. Thus • 

 = 150 B.r. 



33U00 

 3 K 2 



