230 



LEPIDOPTERA. 



changing to pupae (chrysalids, nymphs). In the pupa state 

 the limbs and appendages of the head are soldered together, 

 and the head and thorax tend to form one region, upon which 

 the third region, or abdomen, is more or less movable. Three 



Fig. 159. Fig. 160. Fig. 161. 



or four genera of the lower families are partially aquatic, while, 

 as a whole, the suborder is purely terrestrial. 



The three regions of the body are very distinct, but the head, 

 though free, is smaller and with its parts less equally developed 



Fig. 162. 



than in the Hymenoptera, and the "propodeum" has now be- 

 come plainly the first abdominal ring. The abdomen is also 

 longer, with the genital armor partially exserted, thus showing 

 a tendency to decephalization. In fine, the whole body is 



Fig. 163. Fig. 164. 



loosened and less compact than in the Hymenoptera. Their 

 broad wings ; obsolete mouth-parts, with the abnormally devel- 

 oped maxillae ; and active larvae, with their worm-like shape, 



