PAPILIONID^. 261 



who states that "comparing Faunus with c-album, the former 

 is deeper colored by many degrees ; it is one-fifth larger, the 

 black spots and margins much heavier, and, owing to this and 

 the depth of the ground- color, the general hue of the surface is 

 much darker than either c-album or any of the American spe- 

 cies." The under side of Gr. Faunus is beautifully marbled in 

 several colors. 



The genus Pyrameis differs from Vanessa in having the 

 wings simply scalloped, not notched ; beneath, they are not 

 marked with metallic colors, and the long, tapering palpi curve 

 upward. The larvae are covered with branched spines, corre- 

 sponding in size, and often wanting on the first and last seg- 

 ments ; the head is heart-shaped. They are solitary, hiding 

 under a rolled leaf or spinning a slight web, and hang by the 

 hind feet alone when about to transform. The chrysalids are 

 angular on the sides, with two or three lateral rows of sharp, 

 golden tubercles, and a short, thick tubercle on the top of the 

 thorax. P. cardui Linn, feeds on thistles and the sunflower, 

 the hollyhock, burdock and other rough-leaved plants, in June 

 and July. It remains in the pupa state twelve days, the but- 

 terfly appearing in Maine, about the 20th of July. Pyrameis 

 Santera Fabr. has much the same habits, while P. Atalanta 

 Linn, feeds on the nettle. These species are all double- 

 brooded, first appearing in May and then in July, August 

 and September. 



Junonia is closely allied to Vanessa. J. coenia Boisd. and 

 Lee. is found in the Southern States, the West Indies, Mexico 

 and California. 



In Limenitis the antennae are very slender, and the hind 

 wings are scalloped, while on both wings the discal area is 

 open. The caterpillar and chrysalis are like those of Danais. 

 L. Misippus Fal>r. (Fig. 189) is tawny yellow above, and of a 

 paler yellow beneath, with a broad, black border, spotted with 

 white, and black veins. It expands from three to three and a 

 half inches and flies from June to September. The larva is 

 pale brown, variegated with white on the sides, and some- 

 times with green on the back ; the prothoracic ring has two 

 slender, blackish, spinulated horns, and on the tenth and 

 eleventh rings are short tubercles. It feeds on the poplar and 





