TIPULID^E. 



383 



Fig. 301. 



The genus Styringomyia (Fig. 300, wing) is an anomalous ge- 

 nus found in gum copal brought from Zanzibar. Of three other 

 anomalous genera belonging here Osten Sacken 

 describes Bhcmphidia; of which the rostrum is 

 long, but shorter than the thorax, with species 

 common to Europe and America, and also found 

 in amber ; Toxorrhina which is found both in 

 North and South America, and Elepliantomyia 

 which occurs only in North America, and has a 

 very slender filiform rostrum, almost as long as 

 the body. E. Westwoodii O. Sacken is found in 

 the Northern States and Canada. 



Erioptera and its allies have two submarginal cells and the 

 tibiae are without spurs at the tip. In Erioptera the wings are 

 pubescent along the veins only, giving the whole wing a hairy 

 appearance. E. venusta O. Sacken has yellowish wings, with 

 two brown bands, and is a common species in the 'Atlantic 

 States. According to Osten Sacken Chionea is 

 closely allied to Erioptera. It is wingless, with six- 

 jointed antennae of anomalous structure, and stout, 

 hairy feet, and a short abdomen, which, according to 

 Harris is provided with a "sword-shaped borer, 

 resembling that of a grasshopper." "These insects 

 occur on snow in winter, the larvae live underground, 

 apparently upon vegetable matter, and have been de- 

 scribed in detail by Brauer in the Transactions of 

 the Zoological and Botanical Society of Vienna for 

 1854." C. valga Harris (Fig. 301, enlarged; fig. 

 302, larva of the European C. araneoides Dalman) 

 is reddish brown, with paler legs. 



Another section of this large family is represented 

 by the genus Limnopliila, in which there are two 

 submarginal cells, usually five posterior cells, and Fig - 302 - 

 the wings and eyes are smooth, and the antennae sixteen- 

 jointed. The larvae live in decayed wood. The larva of the 

 European L. dispar digs longitudinal burrows in the dry stems 

 of Anglica sylvestris. "It is cylindrical, glabrous, of a livid 

 gray, with a horny black head." (Osten Sacken.) 



The anomalous genus Trichocera has pubescent eyes and 



