535 



septendedm Linn. (Fig. 536, A ; #, drum ; c, d, male genital 

 hooks ; B, C. Cassinii Fisher ; #, drum ; e, /, genital hooks. 

 Fig. 537, c, with expanded wings) which does not in- 

 habit Northern New England, are well described by 

 Harris and Fitch. The young larvae feed on the roots 

 of the oak and apple, clustering upon the roots and suck- 

 ing the sap with their beak-like mouths. They live 

 seventeen years. Different broods appear in different 

 localities, so that each year they are seen in some part 

 of the country. 



The Editors of the American Entomologist, p. 63, give 

 additional information regarding its habits. It appears 

 during the last half of May, and disappears about the 

 fourth of July, and the eggs hatch between the twentieth 

 of July and the first of August. The eggs (Fig. 

 537 ; d, e, enlarged) are deposited in pairs in 

 the terminal twigs of different species of decidu- 

 ous trees, especially the oak (Fig. 538, punc- 

 tured twig ; Fig. 539, a twig which has been Fi - 538 - 

 punctured and then healed over). The larvae hatch 

 out in about six weeks after they are laid, and (Fig. 

 540, newly hatched larva) drop to the ground in 

 which they live feeding on roots of trees for nearly 

 seventeen years, the pupa state (Fig. 537 ; a, 6, cast 

 pupa and skin ; c, adult) lasting but a few days. 

 When about to transform into the winged state they 

 ascend to the surface, making cylindrical burrows, 

 "firmly cemented and varnished so as to be water- 

 Fig. 539. proof." Mr. S. S. Rathvon has observed that in low 

 and wet localities the pupae extend these "galleries from four 

 to six inches above ground (Fig. 541 ; a, full view ; 6, section) 

 leaving an orifice of egress even 

 with the surface (e). In the 

 upper end of these chambers 

 (c) the pupae would be found 

 awaiting their approaching 

 time of change. They would 

 then back down to below the level of the earth, as at d, and 

 issuing forth from the orifice would attach themselves to 



