90 ( i8 ) 



rhizopods, and locomotion by their means effected. 

 Remak first extended the use of the term protoplasm 

 from the layer which bore that name in the vegetable 

 cell to the analogous element in the animal cell ; but it 

 was Max Schultze, in particular, who, by applying the 

 name to the intracellular matrix, or contained matter, 

 when divested of membrane, and by identifying this 

 substance itself with sarcode, first fairly established pro- 

 toplasm, name and thing, in its present prominence. 



In this account I have necessarily omitted many sub- 

 ordinate and intervening steps in the successive estab- 

 lishment of the contractility, superior importance, and 

 complete isolation of this thing to which, under the 

 name of protoplasm, Mr. Huxley of late has called 

 such vast attention. Besides the names mentioned, 

 there are others of great eminence in this connection, 

 such as Meyen, Siebold, Reichert, Ecker, Henle, and 

 Kolliker among the Germans ; and among ourselves, 

 Beale and Huxley himself. John Goodsir will be men- 

 tioned again. 



We have now, perhaps, obtained a general idea of 

 protoplasm. Briicke, when he talks of it as "living 

 cell-body or elementary organism," comes very near the 

 leading idea of Mr. Huxley as expressed in his phrase, 

 "the physiological basis, or matter, of life." Living 

 cell-body, elementary organism, primitive living matter 

 that, evidently, is the quest of Mr. Huxley. There is 

 aqueous matter, he would say, perhaps, composed of 

 hydrogen and oxygen, and it is the same thing whether 

 in the rain-drop or the ocean ; so, similarly, there is 

 vital matter, which, composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxy- 

 gen, and nitrogen, is the same thing whether in crypto- 

 gams or in elephants, in animalcules or in men. What, 



