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and not rather a world of distinct types, each perfectly 

 adapted to its situation, but none properly higher than 

 another in an ascending scale, is the primary question. 

 Given the principle of advance, then natural selection 

 has no doubt modified the details ; but in the succes- 

 sive advances we can scarcely believe such a principle 

 to be influential. We look rather upon a progress as 

 the result of the expenditure of some force fore-arranged 

 for that end. 



It may become, then, a question whether in charac- 

 ters of high grade the habit or use is not rather the re- 

 sult of the acquisition of the structure than the struc- 

 ture the result of the encouragement offered to its 

 assumed beginnings by use, or by liberal nutrition de- 

 rived from the increasingly superior advantages it offers. 



. The Physical Origin of Man. 



If the hypothesis here maintained be true, man is the. 

 descendant of some preexistent generic type, the which, 

 if it were now living, we would probably call an ape. 



Man and the chimpanzee were in Linnaeus' system 

 only two species of the same genus, but a truer anatomy 

 places them in separate genera and distinct families. 

 There is no doubt, however, that Cuvier went much too 

 far when he proposed to consider Homo as the repre- 

 sentative of an order distinct from the quadrumana, un- 

 der the name of bimana. The structural differences 

 will not bear any such interpretation, and have not the 

 same value as those distinguishing the orders of mam- 

 malia ; as, for instance, between carnivora and bats, or 

 the cloven-footed animals and the rodents, or rodents 

 and edentates, The differences between man and th 



