228 WOODPECKERS. 



uniformly white, and are placed in a hole, generally in a dead tree er 

 limb, hollowed out by the bird. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



1. No red on the head or nape. 



A. Entire under parts black. 



a. Wing about 10-00, bill ivory-white. 



392. IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER 9 . 



B. Under parts white, without black spots or streaks. 



a. Wing under 4-00; outer tail-feathers barred with black. 



394. DOWNY WOODPECKER 9 . 



b. Wing over 4'00 ; outer tail-feathers white, without black bars. 



393. HAIRY WOODPECKER 9 . 

 393ft. SOUTHERN HAIRY WOODPECKER 9 . 



C. Under parts with black spots, bars, or streaks. 



a. Back entirely black . . 400. ARCTIC THREE-TOED WOODPECKER. 



b. Back black and white. 



b 1 . Outer tail-feathers entirely white, crown yellow or spotted with 



white 401. AM. THREE-TOED WOODPECKER. 



6 a . Outer tail-feathers barred with black, no black patch on the 



breast, ear-coverts white . 395. RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER 9 . 

 b 3 . Outer tail-feathers black, with generally a narrow white margin ; 



rump white 406. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER 9 . 



b*. Outer tail-feathers black and white, a large black patch on the 



breast 402. YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER 9 . 



II. Whole top of the head red. 



A. Throat red. 



a. Primaries spotted with white, belly yellowish. 



402. YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER $ . 

 6. Primaries black, rump and belly white. 



406. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER <J . 



B. Throat white. 



a. Breast and belly black .... 405. PILEATED WOODPECKER <5 . 



b. Breast black or blackish, sides streaked, belly yellowish white. 



402. YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER 9 . 



c. Under parts tinged with red, without streaks or spots. 



409. RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER $ . 



III. Crown black, brown, or gray, a red band across the nape, a red crest on 

 the back of the head, or small patches of red on either side of the 

 nape. 



A. Under parts black, wing over 8'00. 



o. Bill ivory-white 392. IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER. 6 . 



b. Bill blackish 405. PILEATED WOODPECKER 9 . 



B. Under parts more or less spotted or streaked with black. 



a. A black patch on the breast, throat brown, rump white. 



412. FLICKER. 



b. Head black, ear-coverts white, a few red feathers on either side of 

 the nape 395. RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER <J . 



