WOODPECKERS. 229 



C. Under parts white, or whitish without black streaks or spots. 



a. Crown gray, a reddish tinge on the belly. 



409. RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER 9 . 



b. Crown black. 



b 1 . Outer tail -feathers barred with black. 



394. DOWNY WOODPECKER $ . 



b*. Outer tail-feathers white .... 393. HAIRY WOODPECKER $ . 

 3936. SOUTHERN HAIRY WOODPECKER $ . 



392. Campephilus principalis (Linn.}. IVORY-BILLED WOOD- 

 PECKER. Ad. 6. Upper parts shining black, a large scarlet crest; a white 

 stripe begins below the eye and, passing down the side of the neck, meets its 

 fellow in the middle of the back ; ends of the inner primaries and the end 

 half or two thirds of the secondaries white; outer tail-feathers very short, 

 the central ones elongated and much stiffened ; bristles over the nostrils 

 white ; bill ivory-white ; under parts shining black. Ad. 9 . Similar, but 

 with the crest black. L., 20-00 ; W., 10-00 ; T., 6'50 ; B., 2-75. 



Range. " Formerly South Atlantic and Gulf States, from North Carolina 

 to Texas ; north in the Mississippi Valley to Missouri, southern Illinois, and 

 southern Indiana. Now restricted to the 'Gulf States and the lower Mississippi 

 Valley, where only locally distributed" (A. O. U.). (See Hasbrouck, Auk, 

 viii, 1891, pp. 174-186, with map.) 



Nest, in the higher part of a tree. Eggs, "1-31 x -86" (Eidgw.). (See 

 also Maurice Thompson's A Red-headed Family.) 



The home of this magnificent Woodpecker is in the almost limit- 

 less cypress forests of our southern coasts and river valleys. Even 

 there it is common in but few localities. In Florida it is found chiefly 

 in the western part of the peninsula, and doubtless occurs in greatest 

 numbers in the region between the Suwanee River and the Gulf. 



The Ivory-bill is a wild, shy bird. It does not remain long in one 

 place, and during the day ranges over an extended territory. Its call 

 is a high, rather nasal, yap, yap-yap, sounding in the distance like the 

 note of a penny trumpet. 



393. Dryobates villosus (Linn.}. HAIRY WOODPECKER. (See Fig. 

 37, a.) Ad. $. Upper parts black; a scarlet band on the nape; middle of 

 the back white ; wing-feathers and their coverts spotted with white ; middle 

 tail-feathers black, the outer ones white ; a white stripe above and another 

 below the eye; under parts white. Ad. 9. Similar, but without scarlet on 

 the back of the neck. L., 9-40 ; W., 4'78 ; T., 3-30 ; B., 1-22. 



Range. Eastern United States, from the northern border south to North 

 Carolina. 



Washington, rare P. R. Sing Sing, rare P. R. Cambridge, uncommon 

 W. V. 



Nest, generally in a dead tree. Eggs, four to six, -95 x -75. 



This species resembles the Downy Woodpecker in habits, but is less 

 frequently observed out of the woods. Its notes are noticeably louder 



