272 FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 



and Finches are more arboreal. Many species take high rank as song- 

 sters, and some of our favorite cage-birds belong to this family. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



I. Under parts with red. 

 II. Under parts with no red and without distinct streaks ; throat or breast 



sometimes with a patch or spot. 

 III. Under parts without red and with numerous streaks. 



I. Under parts with red. 



A. Wing-coverts plainly tipped with white or whitish, or with a white 

 or yellow band in the wing. 



a. No red in the upper parts. 



a 1 . Back black, rump whitish, throat black, breast and under wing- 

 coverts rosy red . . . 595. KOSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK ( $ ad.). 



a a . Back and under parts streaked with black ; under wing-coverts 

 rosy red 595. KOSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK ( $ im.). 



b. Red on upper parts confined to crown or forehead, and sometimes a 



tinge on the rump ; wing under 3-25. 



b l . Rump and flanks generally without blackish streaks; feathers 

 of back generally with whitish borders. 



527. GREENLAND REDPOLL. 527a. HOARY REDPOLL. 

 6 2 . Rump and flanks always streaked ; feathers of back with little 

 if any white and generally with brownish borders. 



528. REDPOLL and races. 



b 3 . Back cinnamon-brown, unstreaked ; crown, nape, and sides of 

 the neck black ; a yellow band in the wing. 



EUROPEAN GOLDFINCH. 



c. Red or pink spread more or less over entire upper parts ; wing over 



3-25. 

 c 1 . Tips of mandibles crossed. 



522. WHITE-WINOED CROSSBILL ( $ ad.). 

 c a . Bill stout; mandibles not crossed . 515. PINE GROSBEAK ( $ ad.). 



B. Wing-coverts not tipped with white. 



a. Throat black or blackish ; wings and tail red ; body red or olive. 



593. CARDINAL. 



b. Throat and more or less of under parts red or greenish red. 



b l . Plumage blood-red, brownish red, or greenish red ; tips of the 



mandibles crossed 521. AM. CROSSBILL $ . 



b*. Plumage dull reddish ; belly whitish ; back indistinctly streaked, 

 with bristly feathers over the nostrils. 



517. PURPLE FINCH ( $ ad.). 

 b 3 . Head blue ; back green ; rump red. 



601. PAINTED BUNTING ($ ad.). 



II. Under parts with no red and without distinct streaks ; 



throat or breast sometimes with a patch or spot. 

 1. Tail with white spots, bars, or patches. 

 A. Back plain, without streaks. 



