348 WOOD WARBLERS. 



parts are margined with olive-green. Ad. ? . Similar, but wing-bars white, 

 and crown not so bright. 



Remarks. The descriptions are from typical specimens of the puzzling 

 bird known as Helminthophila leucobronchialis. Between it and H. pinus 

 there are specimens showing every degree of intergradation. Typical exam- 

 ples are comparatively rare, and the most common form has the breast heavily 

 washed with yellow, the back tinged with olive-green, and the white wing- 

 bars washed with yellow ; in other words, about intermediate between typ- 

 ical leucobronchialis and typical pinus. 



This hybrid, color phase, or species I do not presume to say what 

 it is, for I think some day we may understand its relationships more 

 fully has been found in Louisiana, from Virginia northward to Con- 

 necticut, and as far west as Michigan. Its breeding range appar- 

 ently coincides with that of H. pinus. Upward of one hundred speci- 

 mens, representing typical leucobronchialis and various phases of its 

 intergradation with pinus are known, and in the Connecticut River 

 Valley the bird is stated to be more frequent than H. chrysoptera. 

 In general habits it resembles both pinus and chrysoptera. Some in- 

 dividuals sing like the former, some like the latter, while others have 

 notes of their own. (See Fisher, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, p. 

 234: vi, 1881, p. 245; Auk, ii, 1885, p. 378; Chapman, ibid., iv, 1887, 

 p. 348; ix, 1892, p. 302; Eames, ibid., v, 1888, p. 427; vi, 1889, p. 305; 

 Bishop, ibid., vi, 1889, p. 192 ; Sage, ibid., vi, 1889, p. 279 ; x, 1893, 

 p. 208.) 



Helminthopbila lawrencei (Herrick). LAWRENCE'S WARBLER. 



Ad. $ . Forehead and fore part of the crown yellow, rest of the upper parts 

 bright olive-green; wing-bars white; tail bluish gray, the three to four outer 

 feathers marked with white; a black patch on the check divided by a yellow 

 line from the black patch on the throat and upper breast; lower breast and 

 belly yellow, under tail-coverts white. Ad. 9 . Forehead dingy yellow, 

 rest of the upper parts bright olive-green ; wing-bars white, tinged with yel- 

 low ; tail as in the $ , black patches of the 4 replaced by dusky olive-green. 



Remarks. This bird combines the characters of pinus and chrysoptera ; 

 it has the black cheek-patches and breast-patch of the latter, but in other 

 respects resembles the former, and is doubtless a hybrid between the two. 

 Its history and a discussion of its relationships will be found under the refer- 

 ences given above. It is a much rarer bird than Brewster's Warbler, and 

 less than a dozen specimens have been recorded. 



642. Helminthophila chrysoptera (Linn.). GOLDEN-WINGED 



WARBLER. (Fig. 96.) Ad. $ . Crown bright yellow; rest of the upper parts 

 bluish gray, sometimes washed with greenish ; a large black patch about the 

 eye, separated from another on the throat by a white stripe ; a white line over 

 the eye ; wings and tail bluish gray ; tips of middle wing-coverts and outer 

 webs of greater ones bright yellow, forming a large yellow patch on the wing; 

 outer three tail-feathers with large white patches on their inner webs at the 



