164 VERRILL 



by the pedicellarise and papulae, so that the small, uniform spines are 

 scarcely visible, and there is no apparent grouping into clusters, nor 

 any evident rows. The clusters of minor pedicellarise are dense, 

 though not large, but they are mostly in contact with their neighbors, 

 owing to the numerous spines. They seem to be attached close to 

 the tips of the spines. 



The lateral and ventral spines form about four distinct, regular, 

 but crowded, evenly spaced rows, and are rather more distinctly 

 defined than the dorsals; but like the adambulacrals, they are well 

 covered by large clusters of minor pedicellariae. 



Color rusty-brown, as preserved. 



When dry, the dorsal surface is covered with very numerous, but 

 not closely crowded, small, unequal spines, arranged in small groups 

 or singly, so as to form irregular circles around the papular areas, 

 thus giving the surface an imperfectly and irregularly areolated 

 appearance. The median radial spines are a little larger, forming an 

 irregular crooked row. The dorsal spines are all short, their height 

 scarcely twice their thickness, in the larger ones, but the smaller 

 ones are much more slender. The larger are capitate, with rough 

 rounded tips; others are clavate. The papular areas are numerous, 

 round, rather small, but unequal in size. The papulae are unequal, 

 and mostly stand singly or in small groups. 



The lateral and ventral spines are all a little capitate, shaped like 

 the larger dorsals, but a little longer and larger. They form five 

 pretty regularly spaced, simple rows (sometimes six) on the proxi- 

 mal three-fourths of a ray, separated by four rows of papulae. Four 

 of these rows of spines extend nearly or quite to the tips of the rays, 

 where they become much crowded. The upper marginal series is 

 usually double proximally, with two spines on a plate, but single 

 distally. A narrow channel with a regular row of round papular 

 areas separates them from the lower marginals. These form a 

 regular row to the tips; it is double on the basal part, two spines 

 standing close together on most of the plates, but distally it appears 

 double by the crowding of the row next below. The latter is sepa- 

 rated on the basal third of the ray by a row of small papulae; but 

 these are absent distally, so that the spines seem to belong to the 

 lower marginal series, as both rows extend to the tips of the rays, 

 but they are probably true peractinals. These are followed by a 

 row of papulae, and then by a row of subactinals that extends to 

 about the middle of the ray. All these ventral spines are much alike 

 in size and form, and they are pretty regularly and evenly spaced. 



