244 VERRILL 



The species of this genus, like those of Henricia and Leptasterias, 

 are numerous and variable, presenting in many cases puzzling forms, 

 due, perhaps, to hybridism or to the localization of accidental 

 varieties or " sports," and made possible by the habit of the parents 

 to carry and care for the eggs and young, which have no free- 

 swimming stages. (See remarks under Leptasterias, pp. ii6, 117.) 



SOLASTER ENDECA (Linne) Forbes. 



Plate IX, figures 2, 3 (young) ; plate lxxxvii, figures 4-4^ (details) ; plate 



Lxxxix, figure i (typical). 



Asterias endeca Linne, Mant. Plant. App., p. 543, 1771. Retzius, K. Svenska 

 Vet. Akad. Handl., iv, p. 237, 1783. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., p. 3162, 1788. 

 Lamarck, Anim. s. Verteb., 11, p. 560, 1816. 



Solaster endeca Forbes, Mem. Wern. Soc, viii, p. 121, 1839; Hist. British 

 Starfishes, p. 109 (fig.), 1841. Miiller and Troschel, Syst, p. 26, 1842. 

 Gray, Ann. and Mag., p. 183, 1840; p. 19, 1848; Synopsis, p. 5, 1866. 

 Stimpson, Invert. Grand Manan, p. 14, 1853. Liitken, Oversigt over 

 Gronlands Echinodermata, p. 35, 1857. Verrill, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 

 Hist., X, pp. 345, 356, 1866; Bull. Essex Inst., in, p. 4, 187 1 ; Amer. 

 Journ. Sci., v, p. 104, 1873; Expl. of Casco Bay, p. 356, 1874. Perrier, 

 Stellerides du Mus., in Arch. Zool, Exper., iv, p. 359, 1875. A. Agassiz, 

 N. Amer. Starfishes, p. 112, pi. xvii, figs. 1-5, 1877. Viguier, Squelette 

 des Stellerides, Arch. d. Zool. Exp. et Gen., vii, p. 134, 1878. Duncan 

 and Sladen, Echinod. Arctic Sea, p. 40, pi. in, figs. 5-8, 1881. Danielssen 

 and Koren, Norske Nordshav. Exp., xi, p. 50, pi. ix, fig. 13, 1884. Verrill, 

 Results Expl. by Albatross in 1883, p. 541, 1885. Murdoch, op. cit., 1885, p. 

 160. Ganong, Echinod. New Brunswick, p. 2>Zy pl- h fig- 8, 1888. Fewkes, 

 Bull. Essex Inst., xxiii, p. 63, 1891. Bell, Catal. British Echinod., p. 90, 

 1892. Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., xlix, p. 199, 1895 (distribution). Lud- 

 wig. Fauna Arctica, i, p. 464, 1900 (synonymy and distribution). Clark, 

 op. cit., 1904, p. 556, pi. Ill, figs. 12, 13; pi. IV, fig. 23. Fisher, op cit., 1911b, 

 p. 307, pi. LXXXI ; pi. Lxxxii, figs. I, 2, 4. 



A very large ten-rayed, typical specimen, collected by Mr. N. P. 

 Scudder, off the coast of Greenland (lot 61), has the following 

 characters : 



Radii, 76 mm. and 190 mm. ; ratio, nearly as i '.2.5. The adambu- 

 lacral plates, opposite the bases of the rays, mostly bear two unequal, 

 short furrow-spines, and a smaller rudimentary or pedicellaria-like 

 spine ; on the ventral side they bear an obliquely transverse group of 

 eight to fifteen longer and stouter graded spines, of which the inner 

 ones are longer, the first two being considerably longer and placed 

 nearly side by side. They are partially webbed together and often 

 stand more or less in two alternate rows. Outside each of these, 

 but often almost blending with them, there is a group of fifteen to 



