290 VERRILL 



on the central part of the disk, but not on the triangular interradial 

 areas, where the plates are angular and closely in contact. 



The pedicellariae are often lacking; when present they are small, 

 elevated, usually with two, rarely three, spatulate or spoon-shaped 

 blades, higher than broad, and set in special fossae or pits of similar 

 shape, in the surface of the plates. They may occur on any or all 

 kinds of plates, either above or below, or on both sides. 



The adambulacral spines are numerous, small and crowded. They 

 grade more or less into the actinal granulation ; the marginal furrow- 

 series form a simple row of two to six or more ; they are usually not 

 much longer than those of the next series and not separated from 

 them by a wide space. Distally, some of the spines of the second 

 series usually become much larger and longer than the rest. 



CERAM ASTER GRANULARIS (Retzius) Verrill. 

 Plate IV, figures i, 2; plate l, figures 2, 20 (details). 



Asterias granulans Retzuts, K. Vet. Akad. Nya Handl., iv, p. 238, 1783. 



Abildgaard, in Zool. Dan., fas. in, p. 19, pi. xcii, 1788. Retzius, Diss. 



Syst. Aster., p. 10, 1805. 

 Astrflgofiium granularc Muller and Troschel, Syst. Asteriden, p. 57, 1842. 



M. Sars, Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 46, 1861. Gray, Synopsis, 



p. 10, pi. I, fig. 4, 1866. Verrill, Expl. by the Albatross in 1883, p. 542, 



pi. XVIII, figs. 48 and 48a, 1885. Whiteaves, Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, iv, 



p. 117, 1887. 

 Goniaster granulans Lutken, Vidensk. Medd. nat. Foren., p. 146, 1865. 

 Pentagonaster granularis Perkier, Revis. Stell. du Mus. Arch, de Zool. Exper. 



et Gen., v, p. 40 (224), 1876. Sladen, Voy. Challenger, xxx, p. 268, 1889. 



P>eH, Catal. British Echinod. in British Museum, p. 73, pi. x, figs. 4, 5, 6, 



1892. Verrill, Distrib. of Echinod., Amer. Journ. Sci., xlix, p. 135, 1895. 



Danielssen and Koren, Asteroidea, Norske Nordhavs Exped., Zool., xi, 



p. .S8, 1884. 

 Tosia (Ceramaster) granularis Verrux, Revision Genera, etc., in Trans. Conn. 



Acad. Sci., x, p. 162, 1899. Whiteaves, Catal. Invert. E. Canada, p. 49, 



1901. 



The marginal plates, above and below, are closely covered with 

 similar and small granules. The plates of the dorsal surface are 

 hexagonal on the radial areas at the bases of the rays, and are mostly 

 transversely elongated, and surrounded by six papular pores, corre- 

 sponding to the angles. In the interradial areas they are transversely 

 rhombic, often with the acute angles truncated, where pores inter- 

 vene. All are closely covered with small angular granules. 



The actinal interradial plates are crowded, polygonal, and closely 

 covered with small, polygonal, granule-like spinules with rounded 

 tips, about thirty on the larger plates, their size decreasing toward 

 the marginal plates, where they are very small. 



