SHALLOW-WATER STARFISHES 335 



The paxillae form regular longitudinal and transverse rows. 

 Those next the margin are rather quadrate superficially ; the central 

 ones are small, crowded, roundish, stellate ; all have flat or slightly 

 convex summits. The larger are i mm. to 1.25 mm. broad; they 

 have a central rosette of small clavate or capitate spinules, of which 

 one, or sometimes two, stand at the center and six or eight around 

 it ; outside of this is a marginal horizontal fringe of longer and more 

 slender spinules, twelve to fifteen or more in number, making 

 fasciolated spaces. Wlien the spinules are removed, the paxillary 

 column has a somewhat enlarged, roundish or oblong-elliptical sum- 

 mit ; the base is regularly four-lobed ; the lobes are carinate and 

 articulated movably. Between the rows, alternating with the paxillae, 

 are regular rows of large papular pores. Proximally there are, on 

 each side, about five or six rows of paxillae. 



The upper marginal plates are paxilliform and similar to the 

 adjacent paxillae, but closely joined to the upper end of the infero- 

 marginals; distally they become relatively larger. 



The inferomarginal plates are large and prominent, their upper 

 ends defining the margin. Each bears about three to five principal 

 spines, the outer ones larger, crowded, flattened, obtuse; the lower 

 ones smaller and more acute. Besides these there are numerous 

 slender, sharp, unequal spines below, and many marginal spinules. 



The peractinal row of ossicles is continuous with the inferomar- 

 ginals, and each bears a cluster of slender spinules, like those of the 

 latter. 



The adambulacral plates have an inner, bent, angular or triquetral, 

 subacute spine and about three slightly smaller, slender, roundish, 

 tapered, straight spines in a triangular group on the actinal surface. 



A few small actinal plates, near the mouth, bear small, slender 

 spines. A few slender spinuliform pedicellariae, of diverse sizes, 

 were noticed on the adambulacral plates and on the interradial areas. 



Color, mottled gray above, pale yellow below. 



This species is not uncommon on the coast, in shallow water, from 

 San Francisco, California, to British Columbia. Departure Bay, in 

 17 to 25 fathoms, gravel and sand (C. H. Young, 1908, Canadian 

 Geological Survey) ; Pacific Grove, California (Prof. W. R. Coe) ; 

 off San Francisco (Prof. W. E. Ritter) ; Victoria, Vancouver 

 Island (C. F. Newcombe). 



Dr. Fisher gives its distribution as from Southern Alaska to San 

 Diego, California, in 10 to 189 fathoms, mostly less than 80 fathoms. 

 He had it from a large number of localities. 



