348 VERRILL 



VI. RELATIONS OF THE COLUMBIA-ALASKAN AND 

 CALIFORNIAN FAUN;E. 



The former includes a total of eighty-five species and named 

 varieties ; the latter includes forty altogether. For my present 

 purpose these may best be considered collectively, as they have many 

 species in common. The two lists include ninety-nine species, sub- 

 species, and varieties. Of these only sixteen species and varieties 

 are not known to occur in the Columbia- Alaskan fauna, while twenty- 

 four are common to both. 



Of the ninety-nine forms, only about eight are of Arctic origin 

 (indicated by an asterisk in the list), leaving nine-one that may be 

 considered as characteristic of the region. Of this number a few are 

 more or less related to Arctic species generically, or have there their 

 nearest allies. 



Among these are Asterias katherin(£; A. victoriana; Leptasterias 

 leptalea; Solaster galaxides; Hippasteria spinosa. 



A few have their nearest known allies on the Atlantic coast of the 

 United States. Among these are Orthasterias columhiana, allied to 

 O. tanneri of the Atlantic; Mediaster (uqualis, allied to M. bairdii. 



A considerable number belong to genera widely distributed in all 

 the warmer or temperate seas. Among these are the various forms of 

 Henricia leviuscula; H. longispina; H. aspcra; Solaster stimpsoni; 

 S. dawsoni; S. constellatus ; Pteraster tesselatus; P. multispinus ; P. 

 gracilis; one species of Astropecten, and three of Luidia. 



The species of Astropecten and Luidia are probably of tropical 

 origin and their nearest allies apparently still exist in the Panamic 

 fauna. 



Many species and several genera of this region do not appear to 

 have any very closely allied species in other seas. Among these are 

 the following: The genus Pisaster, with its eleven species and sub- 

 species ; Leptasterias epichlora, with its ten subspecies and named 

 varieties, none of which seem closely related to Atlantic species; L. 

 coei; L. hexactis; L. cequalis, with three varieties ; Evasterias tro- 

 schelii, with five varieties ; E. acanthostoma; eight species of Orth- 

 asterias; Parasterias albertensis; Stenasterias macropora; Pycno- 

 podia helianthoides ; Derma-sterias imbricata; Bunodaster ritteri. 

 The last five are the only known representatives of their genera. 

 A few species seem to be allied to some of those of the coasts of 

 Peru and Chile, without any allies in the intervening tropical waters. 

 Thus, Patiria miniata is not distantly related to P. chilensis, with no 

 species of the same genus known between Lower California and 



