74 THE GYNAECIUM 



dition of complete separation and complete cohesion of several stigmas 

 there are all degrees of division and of lobing of the divisions (Figs. 192 

 to 195). 



The Capitate Stigma. — ^A stigma which is strictly terminal and more 

 or less spherical, thus resembling a head, is Capitate (Fig. 196). 



The Truncate Stigma. — The Capitate stigma is Truncate when it 

 terminates abruptly in a flat upper surface, as though cut across (Fig. 

 197). 



The Peltate Stigma.— li flattened and attached at the center it is 

 Peltate (Figs. 183 and 198), and this may be horizontal or oblique, as 

 in the latter. The peltate stigma may have its margin reflexed, making 

 it umbrella-shaped (Fig. 199), or upturned, making it cup-shaped, or 

 Cupulate (Fig. 200), and either of these forms may be lobed (Figs. 201 

 and 202). 



The Laminar Stigma. — A stigma flattened out into a blade-like form 

 is called Laminar. Several oblique laminar forms are show^n in Figs. 

 20.3 to 205. Fig. 207 displays the manner in which the stigma sometimes 

 enfolds the stamen. 



The Annular »Sii^7?ia.— Stigmas sometimes possess a ring at or below 

 the apex, the Annular form, various modifications of which, unlobed 

 and lobed, are shown in Figs. 210 to 215. Such forms prevail in the 

 family Ajjocynaceae and are of great value in classification. 



Appendages to the Stigma. — The Appendages of the stigma are quite 

 as numerous and varied as those of the anther. A Plumose appendage 

 is shown in Fig. 209. Such are common among the grasses. A stigma 

 (or other organ) is called Penicillate when its ])lumose appendage 

 resembles a little brush (Fig. 208). In Stigmatophyllon, the appendage 

 is a little green leaf (Fig. 206). 



Terms Indicating the Number of Carpels. — The number of carpels in a 

 compound pistil is indicated by the use of the appropriate numeral 

 followed by the suffix "carpellary," thus Dicarpellary, Tricarpellary. 



Determination of the Number of Carpels. — The determination of the 

 number of carpels is of the utmost necessity, but is usually a difficult 

 task for the beginner, especially if he is not pre\'iously trained in the 

 art of plant-dissection. The indications may be divided into external 

 and internal. The latter must be apprehended from the study of 

 internal structure explained below. 



External Indications. — Whenever there is more than one pistil in a 

 gynaecium, each consists of but one carpel. Complete chorisis of a 

 carpel, producing more than one pistil, never exists, although it fre- 



