80 



THE GYNAECIUM 



The Chalaza. — The structurally opposite end of the body, or the 

 point where nucellus, coats, and apex of funiculus separate from one 

 another (c), is the Chalaza. 



The Raphe. — If the body become inverted upon its funiculus, 

 either partly (Fig. 24.':)) or wholly (Fig. 242), the portion of the funiculus 

 against which it lies (r) will become adnate to it, and is known as the 

 Raphe. The portion of the funiculus remaining free (/) is then specific- 

 ally known as the funiculus. When hereafter in this work the last 

 term is used it will be understood as applying to this free portion. It 

 is thus seen that the raphe is limited at its distal end by the chalaza; 

 but separation of this seed at maturity cannot take place at this point, 

 owing to the adnation of the raphe, as it would do if no such adnation 

 existed. 



Fig. 241. Atropous or orthotropous ovule; /, funiculus; c, chalaza; n, nucellus; k, primine; s, 

 secundine; m, micropyle; em, embryo-sac. 242. Anatropous ovule; h, hilum; r, raphe; other let- 

 tering the same. 243. Amphitropous ovule. 244. Campylotropous ovule. 



The Hilum. — Separation in such case must take place at the point 

 where raphe and funiculus join; hence the Hilum, as such point of 

 separation is called, may be variously situated, and need not coincide 

 with the chalaza. In Fig. 241 it is at the chalaza, in Fig. 242 at the 

 opposite end Qi), while in Fig. 243 (li) it is about half-way between. 

 The parts here enumerated are not always conspicuous and may be 

 easily overlooked by the beginner: 



Forms of Ovules. — The nucellus is the essential part of the ovule, which 

 in some cases consists of nothing else, and e\e\\ this may be reduced to 

 its lowest es.sential elements. An ovule without either coat is Naked 

 or Achlamydeous; with only primine it is Monochlamydeous, and with 

 both it is Dichlamydeous. An ovule without funiculus, and the same 

 is true of any organ not borne upon a stem, is Sessile. The form of the 

 funiculus, as well as its direction, always calls for inspection. It may 

 be very short and broad (Fig. 241), or elongated and slender (Fig. 240), 

 and the latter form may be either straight or variously curved. 



