TRANSPORTATION OF THE FRUIT 



109 



similar awns arc ])ar}H'(l and adhere very tightly to anything which 

 they may pierce. In the case of the burdock (Fig. 301) it is an involucre 

 which bears such hooks. Similar hooks are found upon the outer 

 wall of the ovary itself in many cases. Sometimes the style is recurved 

 at the apex, thus forming a terminal hook, while at others (Fig. 302) 

 the apex, after performing the stigmatic function, falls away, but leaves 

 a hooked lower joint to become efl'ective in the fruit. The attachment 

 is not alw^ays thus secured by means of distinctively piercing appendages. 

 The surface may be rendered adhesive in other ways, as seen in the 

 minute structures covering the fruit of Desmodium. 



Fig. 286. Fruit of Pulsatilla, with plumose style. 287. Winged epicarp of Ulmus. 288. Of carrot. 

 289. Winged calyx of Rumex. 290. Of Piptoplera. 291. Winged petal of Zinnia. 292. Winged 

 bract of hop. 293. Plumose calyx limb of Vahriaita. 294. Inflated pod of Cardiospcrmum. 295. 

 Winged akene of Virhesina. 290. Winged legume of Plalypodium. 297. Winged and hooked calyx 

 of Rumex. 298. The same, hooked only. 299. Winged legume of Plerocarpus. 300. Hooked calyx 

 of Bidens. 



Trans porf (if ton through Edible Pericarps. — We shall next consider 

 another large class of fruits, which dci)end for their trans])()rtation upon 

 the possession of cdil)le pericarps or edible portions of them. Such 

 fruits may be eaten with the contained seed, as in the case of the straw- 

 berry or small cherries, in which case transportation is effected during 

 the process of digestion of the pericarj); or, as in the case of the peach 

 and ])lum, the fruit may be too large for such process, depending for 

 trans])ortation upon carriage by a ])arent to its young. In still other 

 cases they are of such a nature that they can be carric<l and stored for 



