THE COMPOUND LEAF 189 



etc.) or Paliiiatifid ( Fii^s. 540 and 540), accor(lin,ti; to tlic cliaractcr of Its 

 venation. In all forms of lobed, cleft, parted or <li\idc(i leaves, it is 

 necessary that the detailed characters of the lohes and of the siinises 

 should be specified. The lobe may be acute, while the sinus is rounded 

 (Fig. 543), or the reverse may be true (Fig. 545), or both may l)e acute 

 or both obtuse (Fig. 548). The sinuses as well as' the lobes frequently 

 possess definite and characteristic outhnes, indicated by terms such 

 as have already been defined in connection with the leaf. When the 

 teeth and sinuses are outUned by straight hues and sharp terminations, 

 as though notched out by a pair of scissors, the margin is said to l)e 

 Incised (Figs. 540 and 546). When the divisions and sinuses are long 

 and narrow in addition to being incised, it is called Laciniate (Fig. 540). 

 When the margin of a leaf is turned downward or backward or rolled 

 backward, it is said to be Revolute. Ordinarily the revolution is very 

 slight (Fig. 541), but occasionally, particularly upon drying, it will be 

 found extreme, each half of the leaf forming a roll, the two meeting 

 back of the midrib (Fig. 542). 



Before proceeding to speak of the forms of compound leaves, it 

 should be stated that when one of the terms above defined (and the 

 same is generally true of descriptive terms used in other parts of the 

 work) terminates in the ending ate or oid, it sometimes indicates that 

 the condition tends toward but does not quite reach that named by 

 the term to which the ending is appended. For example, triangulate 

 means inclining toward triangular. The student will also note that 

 between nearly all the forms of leaves and the characters indicated by 

 the terms above defined, there are intermediate forms connecting them 

 with others. 



Inasmuch as it is necessary in description for such forms to be 

 indicated, the method is resorted to of employing the two terms con- 

 nected by a hyphen. Thus, Lance-ovate, or Ovate-lanceolate (Fig. 

 497) indicates that the form is intermediate between lanceolate and 

 ovate; crenate-flentate and serrate-dentate are similar illustrations. 



A similar intermediate condition is sometimes indicated by prefixing 

 the term .sub, thus sub-cordate, sub-sessile, sub-acute. Other inter- 

 mediate terms very commonly employed are acutish and ol)tnsish. 



The Compound Leaf.— lii the lohed leaves which we ha\c already 

 examined, even the most (leei)ly dixided of them, the lobes are seen to 

 be connected with one another at the base by ])ortions of the conmion 

 blade, so that a complete division of the blade into separate parts has 

 not taken place. In the leaves which we are now to examine, such 



