658 



SHOEING, 



ground surface so bevelled off that it will not liarbor stones and 

 dirt, and be so stiff that it will not bend. 



If the horse is expected to be driven only occasionally, as for 

 family use, and upon common dirt roads, the wear will be but 

 little, and the shoes should be correspondingly light ; but if much 

 travel is required on stony or macadamized roads, the weight 

 should be sufficient to sustain such wear. The addition of a small 

 bit of steel, hammered well into the toe, and tempered, would add 



Fig. 473.- -Badly fitted. Tout 

 trimmed too much. Outer 

 edge of wall only, resting 

 upon the shoe, which is 

 made concave. 



hio. '174. — The same not cut 



away enough. The shoe, 



though properly fitted, 



Is too thick. 



gi'cath' to its durability. It would be much better tii make them 

 wholly of steel, as they would be very much lighter, equally stiff, 

 and less liable to bond. An objection to steel is, especially in 

 cities where there are paved streets, that there will be more 

 tendency to slip, than by the use of shoes made of iron. (See cuts 

 for light-driving shoes.) 



In a condition of health, from the light family driver to the 

 heavy draught horse, the principle of shoeing is the same; the size, 

 thickness, and weight only differing so as to adapt to eacli case, 

 with the difference that when exceptional power is necessary, as 

 for di'aft horses, or to prevent slippmg, calkins must bo used. As 

 a rule, nothing more is wanting, unless necessaiy for extra wear, 

 than just iron enough to protect the out-er crust of the foot, and 



