686 



SHOEING. 



only a very narrow edge of the outer wall gave a bearing surface. 

 In addition to this senseless, bad treatment, which will destroy 

 the health of any good foot in a short time,' it was noticed that the 

 form and fitting of the shoe were equally bad ; so that it was not 

 difficult to understand Avhy naturally good feet were soon ruined 

 by such shoeing. Next, it was noticed that the seating extended 

 clear out to the nail-holes, leaving but a comparatively narrow 

 edge for the wall to rest upon. A number of average shoes were 

 obtaiuecl and photographed for the purpose of explaining the cause 

 of such bad effects : but it was found upon trial that it was impos- 



FiG. 515. — The shoe as drawn. 



sible to bring out the defects sufficiently plain to be of any ac- 

 count, and as the next expedient, an exact drawing of one of the 

 shoes (Fig. 575) was made, showing the concavity at different 

 points of bearing surface of the quarters. The dotted lines show 

 the location of the heels upon the shoe. To explain this more 

 clearly, three drawings of transverse sections are given ; (a) shows 

 by two points outside the innei- edge where the outer edge of the 

 heels rested ; (6) the same at half the distance between there and 

 the center of the clip on the sides; (c) at that point. See p. 688. 

 In the first place, the shoe is made very much longer and wider 

 at the heels than the foot, for the purpose of making them look 

 wide. In these cases, not only the bearing surface itself is largely 

 bevelled, but this bevel is greatly increased by the seating, which 



