SOAPS. 



35 



ANALYSES AND DISCUSSION. 



The table following (IV) shows the composition of various soaps: 

 TABLE IV. Composition of soaps. 



a See correspondence with manufacturers, pp. 60 and 62. 

 REMAUKS. 



20458. The greater part ofthr unsaponiliable matter in this .sample on being subjected to distilla- 

 tion distills over between 300 to 100 C., and is evidently composed of the higher boiling products of 

 petroleum. 



JOliiO. It appears that one alkali is present in the fatty acid soap, and another has been used to 

 saponify the resin. 



J04f)l. The unsaponitiable portion of this sample appears to consist of products from either the fir 

 or pine, ami closely resembles turpentine. Low results were obtained doubtless because some of the 

 Unsaponifiable matter was volatile with water. 



9 I. A: W. The fatty acids are mixed to quite a large extent with resin or resin oil. If there is any 

 lemon oil, it is extremely doubtful, as its presence is not shown. 



The soaps sold under the name of " Whale-oil soaps" are usually 

 not really whale oil, but are made of some cheap fish oil. Marlatt" 

 .says in ivo-urd to such soaps that they are especially valuable in 

 destroying soft-bodied insects. He further remarks that a soap should 

 bi demanded which is made with potash rather than soda, since the 

 former is more effective and more readily sprayed, and that not more 

 than 30 per cent of water should be present. The figures for the 

 whale-oil soaps in Table IV show that none come in this classification. 

 While soups 19557, 20455, 20457, and 20459 contain only a moderate 

 amount of water, they are in every case hard or soda soaps. The only 

 whale-oil soap that is soft and contains potash is 20456, and this con- 

 tains entirely too much water. 



Permol Kerosene Soap appears to consist of about 10 per cent mois- 

 ture, 35 per cent soap, and 53 per cent crude petroleum products, 

 especially paraffin. It will doubtless have the 'same good effect as the 

 usual soap-petroleum emulsion. 



J. & M. Keliable Insecticide is the well-known resin soap, contain- 

 ing in this case about 36 per cent resin soap, 27 per cent fatty acid 



"Farmers' Bui. li'T, I". S. Department of Agriculture. 



