THE MARGUERITE FLY. 25 



others infested. The f ollowi ng December, however, the writer discovered 

 the flies in the greenhouses of the botanical and floricultural departments, 

 somewhat removed from the insectary, where they had been attacking 

 for some time sunflowers, marguerites and cinerarias. 



Falconer's observations, to the effect that the insect shows a strong 

 partiahty for marguerites, seem to have been correct. Chrysanthemums 

 in close proximity to the marguerites in the insectary were only very 

 slightly attacked. A very strong inclination was manifested for the 

 dandelion, goldenrod, ragweed, and ox-eye daisy, however. These were 

 badlj'' injured and were much preferred to the white marguerites; indeed, 

 after these plants became numerous and large, the white marguerites 

 were almost entirely neglected. The yellow marguerites, on the other 

 hand, remained favorites, and continued to be badly infested. 



NAME. 



In the earliest pubhshed report on this insect by Falconer in the "Ameri- 

 can Florist," it was designated Phytomyza affinis Fallen, the name ha\ang 

 been taken from a species which was doing similar injury to plants in 

 Europe, and which now occurs in North America. 



Dr. Lintner, however, obtaining specimens of tliis insect and finding it 

 unknown to him, submitted the adult fly, together with its pupas and 

 larval mines, to Baron Osten Sacken, who identified it as the European 

 species Phytomyza lateralis Fallen. It was thus designated by Dr. Lintner 

 in his report on this insect in his fourth annual report. 



Somewhat later, other specimens found mining chrysanthemums and 

 other plants in the \Ticinity of Boston by Mr. J. G. Jack, and beheved by 

 him to be Phytomyza nigricornis Macquart, were forwarded by Mr. Jack 

 to Baron Osten Sacken for determination. On examination these were 

 found to be the same as those previously submitted by Dr. Lintner and 

 which were identified as Phytomijza lateralis FaUen; but as they did not 

 correspond with P. lateralis, Osten Sacken realized the mistake he had 

 made and lost no time in notifying (early in 1890) Dr. Lintner, writing in 

 part, as f oUows : — 



I am very sorry to acknowledge that I must have misled you in this case by a 

 wrong determination. I do not remember now under what circumstances I com- 

 mitted the blunder and what prevented me from sending the specimens to Kowarz. 



The examples from Mr. Jack were then sent by Osten Sacken to Kowarz. 

 Unable to identify the insect with any known European species, Mr. 

 Kowarz described it as a species new to science, and named it Phytomyza 

 chrysanthemi. The description, translated by Osten Sacken, was first 

 pubhshed in this country in Dr. Lintner 's " Seventh Report on the 

 Injurious and Other Insects of the State of New York," 1891, p. 243. 



Aldrich in his " Catalogue of North American Diptera " (1905) fists it as 

 Naponyza chrysanthemi Kowarz {Napomyza originally a subgenus of 



