April, 1913. 



KNOWLEDGE. 



159 



be a valuable text-book in schools, particularly in Scotland for 

 those reading for the Leaving Certificate in History. It will 

 long remain the concise analysis of the problems of the Near 

 East ; of making larger books there will be no end, few will be 

 more useful. It is Anti-Turk, but not partisan, and carries 

 conviction because its argument is built on sound foundations 

 of geography, ethnology and moral and economic evolution. 



The first few chapters, the most impersonal, are thrilling. 

 They deal with the evolution of the Balkan Problem, and raise 

 a host of interesting questions. Next, the present situation 

 and its prophase are treated. The last three chapters, the 

 most interesting, discuss the future, and give an instructive 

 comparison between Turkish rule in Europe and in Asia, and 

 British rule in India. 



To this volume one would wish a few words of preface. The 

 credentials the author now and then presents in the work 

 would be welcomed in a foreword, setting out his purpose : 

 one resents their intrusion into the text. A few dates given 

 prominently would help the reader to keep his bearings and 

 maintain his grasp. Phraseology requires amendment here 

 and there, as on pages 72 and 78. . „ 



Atlas of the World. — By J. Bartholomew, F.R.G.S. 

 56 pages. 39 maps. 6i-in. X 4i-in. 



(T. C. & E. C. Jack. Price 6d. net.) 



It is questionable whether an atlas is within the scope of 

 such a series as " The People's Books," or can attain its 

 general standard of usefulness. The plates are small, and 

 now atlases with larger maps are available at a price equally 

 low, while larger and more detailed pocket atlases may be 

 had for a shilling. Still, these maps are clear, well-chosen, 

 and quite up to modern standards. They may be of use, for 

 example, in reading other books of the series. The route- 

 chart of Europe is good, and in these days, when history is 

 a-making, a race-chart would also have been valuable. It is 

 a pity that the scale and the projection of each map are not 

 given ; particularly on account of the first plate, a note on 

 projection might have been included. Having issued an 

 atlas, it is to be hoped that Messrs. Jack will publish a 

 gazetteer as a companion volume or volumes. 



A. S. 



Dent's Practical Notebooks of Regional Geography. Book 



J. The Americas. — By Horace Piggott, M.A., Ph.D. and 



Robert J. Finch, F.R.G.S. 64 pages. 25 maps. 



93-in. X7i-in. 



(J. M. Dent & Sons. Price 6d. net.) 



These notebooks seem to be intended for progressive use 

 in secondary schools and particularly in connection with the 

 geographies by the same authors. They are interleaved 

 atlases of outline maps, some with no detail, others with 

 contours at large intervals and rivers, in order that the relief 

 of the land may be brought out by shading, the drainage 

 worked out, and the whole correlated with climate and 

 political and economic development. Instructions are given 

 on each sheet for the use of the maps and the writing of notes. 

 Some of these appear to supersede the teacher as a thinking 

 being, and teachers who do think will ignore many of them. 

 There is, nevertheless, much useful suggestion and some fresh- 

 ness in these notes. An interesting feature is the inclusion of 

 squared-paper and data for the construction of economic 

 graphs — data, of course, which should not be used exclusively. 

 Unfortunately, the projection is only mentioned in some cases, 

 but for advanced classes its determination in each map would 

 be a useful exercise. Each completed notebook will at once 

 form the best record of the pupil's work on a Continent 

 throughout his school course and his best work of reference 

 for many a day. 



A. S. 



Memorials of David Livingstone. — 16 pages, 6 illustrations. 

 7i-in. X 5-in. 

 (Marshall Brothers. Price 6d. net.) 

 At present the name of David Livingstone is on every 

 tongue, and people are consulting how best they can pay a 

 tribute to his memory. It is fortunate there are those whose 

 imaginations go beyond tombs and columns as memorials of 

 the illustrious dead. Scotsmen are proposing to establish a 

 Livingstone Chair of Geography in one of their Universities; 

 Churchmen a Livingstone Medical Mission in the sphere of 

 his labours. But already a valuable memorial exists in 

 Livingstone College, Leyton, London, founded in 1893, " to 

 give instruction to foreign missionaries in the elements of 

 medicine and surgery," and so to add very materially to their 

 usefulness. This booklet, issued by the authorities of the 

 College, contains two portraits in colour of Livingstone, the 

 memorial poem printed in Punch after his death, and pictures 

 of the inscriptions on his tomb in the Abbey and on the tree, at 

 the foot of which rests the heart of the traveller. The 

 portraits will be valued by many interested in Livingstone, 

 and the purpose of the booklet is to bring before such the aim 

 of the College, and gain their help in an endeavour to raise 

 £10,000 with which to clear off a mortgage, make improve- 

 ments in the institution, and form the nucleus of an endow- 

 ment. A _ g 



Cambridge County Geographies. — Forfarshire. — By 

 Easton S. Valentine, M.A. 160 pages. 148 illustrations. 



4 maps. 

 Herefordshire. — By A. G. Bradley. 149 pages. 54 illus- 

 trations. 4 maps. 

 Middlesex. — By G. F. Bosworth, F.R.G.S. 165 pages. 

 58 illustrations. 3 maps. 

 North Lancashire. — By J. E. Marr, Sc.D., F.R.S. 



180 pages. 74 illustrations. 4 maps. 



Linlithgowshire.— By T. S. Muir, M.A., F.R.S.G.S. 



142 pages. 33 illustrations. 4 maps. 



Rutland. — By G. Phillips. 171 pages. 46 illustrations. 



4 maps. Each volume being 7J-in.X5-in. 



(The Cambridge University Press. Price 1/6 per volume.) 



We have on several occasions testified to the excellence of 

 the County Geographies which are being published by the 

 Cambridge University Press. They are books which everyone 

 should read, for many matters of the greatest interest are 

 touched upon, and the word geography is taken to include 

 not merely the physical conformation and political administra- 

 tion of the district, but also the geology, the ethnology, 

 history, and many other details. We are reminded that at 

 Burley, in Oakham, Geoffrey Hudson, the celebrated dwarf, 

 made his appearance before King Charles I, served up in a 

 cold pie, and we also learn that, although he did not reach 

 more than eighteen inches in height until he was thirty, and 

 when he began to grow again never exceeded three feet six 

 inches, he had a most eventful history. On the roll of honour 

 for Middlesex we find the names of Francjs Bacon, and 

 Thomas Henry Huxley, while in the volume for this county 

 there is a very interesting account of the natural history of the 

 immediate neighbourhood of the metropolis. Sir Richard 

 Owen is claimed by Lancashire, as well as Sir Richard 

 Arkwright, and among the illustrations which embellish the 

 book on Linlithgowshire are pictures of Linlithgow Palace 

 (where Mary Queen of Scots was born) and the Forth Bridge. 



W. M. VV. 



ZOOLOGY. 



The Teratology of Fishes. — By J. F. Gemmill. 73 pages. 

 6 illustrations. 26 plates. 123-in.X 10.1 -in. 



(Glasgow: Maclehose & Sons. Price 15s. net.) 



Till a few years ago structural abnormalities in animals, 

 with the exception of those occurring in certain parts of the 

 skeleton, were regarded by the systematic naturalist as of 

 little or no importance from his standpoint. Nowadays a 

 complete change of view has taken place, and in the present 

 work Dr. Gemmill points how such abnormalities in fishes 



