ON THE RELATIVE LENGTHS OF THE FIRST 

 AND SECOND TOES OF THE HUMAN FOOT, 

 FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF OCCURRENCE, 

 ANATOMY AND HEREDITY. 



By ONERA A. MERRITT HAWKES, M.Sc, B.Sc. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



1. The Study of the Foot in the Living Subject .... 249 



2. The Study of the Foot of the Foetus 257 



3. The Kelation of the Toe-types to the Anatomy of the Foot 258 



4. The Inheritance of Toe-types 264 



5. Summary of General Conclusions ...... 272 



Description of Plates , . . 272 



Literature 278 



I. The Study of the Foot in the Living Subject. 



The following research was undertaken in the hope of discovering 

 the method of inheritance of two types of feet which were known to 

 occur commonly in England. As might be expected, however, the work 

 branched off into a study of the anatomy of the foot, and into an 

 enquiry into the percentages of these types of feet in the population. 



An examination of the living feet of adults and of children, soon 

 showed the existence of three types, of which two only are common. 

 These types are represented diagrammatically in Fig. 1, and photos of 

 three of the types are shown in Plate XIX. 



These types are : 



1. (Figs. 1 and 2, i) in which the first or great toe projects beyond 

 all the others, so that the outline of the toes is a comparatively straight 

 line. This type will be referred to as L (long great toe). Park 

 Harrison (1885) stated as a result of examining only 120 persons, that 



