Vi INTRODUCTION. 



young annually in the British Islands, and are to be found 

 in some part or other of the United Kingdom throughout 

 the year. Of these many are partially migratory, as, for 

 instance, Falco asalon, F. tinnunculus, Otus brachyotus, Turdus 

 musicus, T. torquatus, Regulus cristatus, Motacilla yarrellii, 

 Linota cannabina, L. flavirostris, L. rufescens, Columba palum- 

 bus, C. cenas, Charadrius pluvialis, jEgialitis hiaticula, Tringa 

 alpina, Scolopax rusticola, Gallinago media, and others. 

 Nevertheless, as specimens of all may be obtained in some 

 locality or other during every month in the year, they may 

 be regarded for all practical purposes as residents. 



PERIODICAL MIGRANTS are those which visit us annually 

 and regularly at particular seasons, and whose advent and 

 departure may be dated in advance with considerable preci- 

 sion. Of these we have familiar examples in Luscinia philo- 

 mela, Cuculus canorus, and the Hirundines, which come here 

 for the summer, and Turdus iliacus and T. pilaris, which 

 spend the winter with us; while others, like most of the 

 Tringida, perform a double migration and pass through the 

 country twice a year, viz. in spring and autumn. 



The ANNUAL VISITANTS comprise those which occur in 

 some part of the British Islands annually, but compa- 

 ratively in very limited numbers and at irregular and uncer- 

 tain intervals. The month in which some or one of them 

 may be expected may be named ; but the uncertainty of their 

 arrival in any particular county precludes their being placed 

 with the Periodical Migrants. Amongst these may be men- 

 tioned Oriolus galbula, Regulus ignicapillus , Ampelis garrulus, 

 Emberiza lapponica, Linota linaria, Pastor roseus, Upupa 

 epopSj Coracias garrula, Merops apiaster, Recurvirostra avo- 

 cetta, Ciconia alba } Grus cinerea, Anas strepera, (Edemia 

 fuscaj Sterna dougallii, and Larus minutus. 



Of the Residents, which, as above mentioned, may be 



