48 RESIDENTS AND MIGRANTS. 



RUFF and REEVE. Machetes pugnax (Linnaeus). 



A spring and autumn migrant. Formerly nested 

 annually in the eastern counties of England. A few 

 pairs only now remain to breed in favourable localities, 

 where, fortunately, they are preserved. 



COMMON SANDPIPER. Tringoides hypoleucm (Lin- 

 naeus). 



Spring and autumn migrant; remaining to breed 

 in the north of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ire- 

 land. More rarely the nest has been found in some 

 of the southern counties of England. 



KNOT. Tringa canutus, Linnaeus. 



A spring and autumn migrant, some remaining 

 throughout the winter. 



CURLEW SANDPIPER. Tringa subarquata (Gulden- 

 staedt). 



A spring and autumn migrant. The discovery of a 

 nest "in a tract of sedgy bog round the Loch of 

 Spynie, near Elgin, on the 8th June, 1853," has 

 been chronicled by Mr. Robert Gray, in his ' Birds of 

 the West of Scotland.' 



PURPLE SANDPIPER. Tringa maritima, Briinnich. 



A regular winter visitant. Instances of its oc- 

 currence between April and September are rare, 

 although it is supposed to breed within the limits of 

 the British Islands. Hitherto, however, the nest has 

 not been discovered. 



