66 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



the pycnidia, and the pycnidia never are pink. The centers 

 of anthracnose lesions are at first light brown, and do not 

 become as black and charry as those of Phoma rot. 



Anthracnose is common on northern-grown tomatoes, 

 especially New Jersey stock. Green fruit is rarely affected. 



The original infection takes place in the field. The dis- 

 ease develops in the field, and may also spread and develop 

 in transit and storage. Often this fungus destroys the entire 

 fruit. 



It is advisable not to pack or ship infected fruit because 

 it rots rapidly and is a menace to healthy fruit. 



Ref. (30). 



TOMATO: BUCKEYE ROT. 



Cause : A fungus (Phytophthora terrestria) . 



No better description of this disease can be given, so far 

 as the appearance of the fruit on the vine or in transit is 

 concerned, than is implied by the name "buckeye." In color 

 and in its surface appearance, the diseased tissue resembles 

 a horse chestnut very closely. The color is grayish to brown, 

 and the surface is uneven, being sunken in places. The rot 

 at first is firm and even hard. The border is irregular and 

 not sharply defined, and often merges into water-soaked, 

 slightly bleached, green tissue. At times there appear 

 widely separated concentric rings of more or less irregular 

 wavy outline. These rings, however, are by no means a con- 

 stant accompaniment of the disease. Under moist condi- 

 tions the lesions generally are covered by a white, fluffy 

 growth of mold. 



In case concentric rings are found in buckeye rot, they are 

 farther apart and less regular in outline than in soil rot. In 

 soil rot, the mycelium is brown and may produce sclerotia, 

 while the mycelium of buckeye rot is white and produces no 

 sclerotia. The absence of white, glistening or black spo- 

 rangia differentiates buckeye rot from Rhizopus rot. 



This disease occurs most commonly in southern tomatoes 

 during rainy weather. The original infection takes place in 

 the field, and occurs only on fruit which has been in contact 

 with the soil or close enough to it to be spattered during 

 rains. 



As in the case of soil rot, buckeye rot can be controlled 

 in the field by staking the vines to keep them off the ground. 

 At harvest it is advisable to sort out diseased fruit because 

 it is unsuitable for food and is a menace to healthy stock 

 since the fungus passes through the wrappers from diseased 

 to healthy fruit. 



Ref. (56); (59). 



TOMATO: NAIL-HEAD SPOT. 



Cause: A fungus (Alternaria solani). 



