70 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



suited to the soil and climate, are important points to con- 

 sider. 



It is not advisable to put badly affected fruit on the mar- 

 ket. Slightly affected fruit, if not infected by fungi, can be 

 used for food. 



Ref. (3). 



TOMATO: MOTTLING. 



Cause : Unknown, probably mosaic. 



This disease is characterized by a more or less extensive 

 brown discoloration of the surface of the fruit in which the 

 affected areas show great diversity of pattern, such as cir- 

 cular spots, blotches, loops, and streaks. The affected areas 

 are somewhat sunken and on green fruits the brown color 

 may be absent. The affected tissue is firm and hard. The 

 entire thickness of the wall and even portions of the septa 

 (partitions) are involved. It seems that portions at least 

 of the affected tissues are dead. At any rate, diseased fruits 

 will not ripen properly in the ripening rooms, and the 

 browned or sunken areas commonly become infected with 

 various fungi. * The disease resembles in some ways the 

 mosaic disease of cucumbers. 



In shipments of California tomatoes received in Chicago 

 during the fall of 1918, this disease was undoubtedly the 

 most important loss-producing factor, the loss amounting in 

 some cases to 50 per cent or more. 



No control is known. Since the symptoms are evident on 

 the green fruits, it is advisable to sort out affected stock 

 before shipment, as it is a total loss at destination. 



TOMATO: BLACK ROT. 



Cause: A fungus (Alternaria). 



The most striking symptom of this disease is the conspicu- 

 ous, black velvety growth of the fungus on the lesions. The 

 disease generally occurs on ripe fruit, where it causes a 

 slowly progressing rot. The fungus probably gains entry 

 through wounds and growth cracks. 



TOMATO: CATFACE. 



Cause : Unknown, probably varietal. 



In this disease the blossom end of the fruit is badly mis- 

 shapen or puckered, probably due to the imperfect develop- 

 ment of an area which at maturity is represented by an 

 irregular leathery scar. Occasionally secondary rots occur 

 in the malformed areas. The presence of catface in ship- 

 ments lowers their market value. 



TOMATO: GROWTH CRACKS. 



Cause : Probably arrested and resumed growth. 

 These are rather deep ruptures or cracks radiating from 

 the stem end. Occasionally they are arranged concentric- 



