70 NEW ZEALAND GARDENING. 



Crown Grafting is practised on old trees, either for their 

 total renewal, or upon large amputated branches, to renew 

 by degrees. The scions are simply placed between the bark 

 and the wood. 



Side Grafting is, in general, performed on a stock, the 

 head of which is not cut off, or on a branch without its 

 being shortened. The great utility of this mode is the 

 facility it offers of supplying branches to parts of trees 

 where they may have become too thin, or making a branch 

 in case of accidents. It is well adapted for espaliers, where 

 a branch is sometimes wanted to fill a vacancy on the wall 

 or trellis, and for the insertion of new kinds of fruits on 

 established trees, in order to increase the collection. It is 

 also usefully employed upon wall or espalier trees that have 

 become naked of fruit buds near the centre, while they may 

 have abundance towards the extremities. This kind of 

 grafting is, however, not much resorted to. 



Grafting Clay How to Make It. Take some 

 strong and adhesive loam, approaching to a clayey character, 

 and beat and knead it until it is of the consistency of soft- 

 soap. Take also some horse droppings and rub them 

 through a riddle of half-inch mesh, or wanting a riddle beat 

 with a spade until thoroughly divided. Get some cow 

 manure, the fresher the better, and mix about equal parts of 

 the three, kneading and mixing them until perfectly and 

 uniformly incorporated with each other. It is a good plan 

 to have a vessel with a little finely-sifted ashes by the side of 

 the grafter, and after the clay is closed round the scion the 

 hands should be dipped in the ashes ; this enables the person 

 who applies the clay to close the whole with a perfect finish. 

 It must be so closed that no air can possibly enter ; and it 

 is well to go over the whole of the grafts in three or four 

 days afterwards, when, if the claying of any is cracked, it 

 may be closed finally. Grafting wax is now much used in- 

 stead of the above. 



Budding. While grafting must be performed in the 

 Spring, budding should not be commenced till Midsummer 

 when the leaves have fully matured, and the buds in the axles 

 of the leaves are plump and ripe. While grafting is practised 

 in the Spring, by the union of one piece of wood upon 



