194 NKW ZEALAND GARDENING. 



pillars of several moths having similar habits attacking 

 apples and Other fruits are confused by fruit growers under 

 the general term of canker worm. Hand picking where 

 practicable is the best remedy. 



Currant and Gooseberry Borer. This pest is 

 becoming troublesome. As soon as observed the affected 

 branches should be cut out. The creatures bore into the 

 pith and feed upon it. Stopping the holes up with wax, or 

 probing with wire will sometimes answer, where the borers 

 are not too numerous. They frequently occur in such 

 numbers as to kill the trees affected. 



Lichen or Moss frequently attacks the stems and 

 branches of neglected trees whose roots have got into a hard 

 and impervious subsoil. The only remedy is to encourage 

 the trees to make surface roots by softening the surface soil 

 and topdressing with manure ; scrape the trees and apply a 

 dressing of lime wash in the Autumn. If the trees are not 

 too old they will be greatly benefited by transplanting as 

 recommended under that heading. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2. 



No. I. Red Spider greatly magnified. Natural size, 

 half as large as a small pin-head. 



No. 2 to 13, Scale Insects (Hemiptera Homoptera : 

 fam. Cocddcz). For practical purposes it will be sufficient to 

 divide the Coccidae into three great sections, viz. (i) Dias- 

 pidae Flat scales adhering to the part of the plant on 

 which they are fixed, without a slit or division at the 

 posterior end of the scale. (2) Lecanidae Also fixed, but 

 having a notch or slit at the posterior end of the scale. 

 Many of them having a cottony excretion. This is never 

 found in the Diaspidae ; but may or may not be present in 

 the (3) Coccidae ; these being distinguished from the others 

 by not being fixed, and by their walking about in all their 

 stages. It must however be remarked that the species of 

 all the three sections move about the first day or two after 

 being hatched. After that time the Diaspidae and Lecanidse 

 fix themselves to the plant by suckers, and never afterwards 

 move. 



