UPUPIN.E. 141 



Bill bright coral-red ; orbitar skin lemon -yellow ; hides light 

 straw-yellow ; legs sienna-yellow. 



Above fine coerulean-blue, with a tinge of lilac on the head ; 

 forehead deep velvety-black ; quills and lateral feathers blackish, 

 the former more or less edged with blue, the latter tipped with 

 white ; beneath, delicate lilac-brownish, darkest on the vent 

 and under tail-coverts, and reddish on the flanks ; chin and 

 throat white. The male, even in nestling plumage, is distin- 

 guished by having a black sincipital streak. 



The Velvet-fronted Nuthatch occurs on the Sahyadri Range 

 and in the adjacent forests ; it has been found in the jungles 

 west of Belgaum, Savantwadi, and along the Goa frontier ; it is 

 very rare, and has not been obtained in any other portion of our 

 limits. 



FAMILY, Upupidse. 



Bill long and slender, slightly curved throughout ; the tip 

 acute and entire ; nostrils small ; wings rounded ; tail moderate 

 or long, even or rounded ; tarsi short and stout ; outer toe syndac- 

 tyle at the base ; toes and claws strong. 



SUB-FAMILY, Upupinse. 



Tail with ten feathers ; wings long ; bill keeled at the base ; 

 head with a large erectile crest. 



GENUS, Upupa, Lin. 



Bill very long, moderately curved, compressed ; gape wide ; 

 head with a large crest ; nostrils round, slightly removed from 

 'the base, destitute of any membrane; wings long, with fourth 

 quill longest ; tail even, broad, of ten feathers ; tarsus moderate, 

 with transverse scutse in front, reticulate posteriorly ; claws short, 

 that of hallux longer, somewhat straight. 



Upupa epops, Lin. 



254. Jerdon's Birds of India, Vol. I, p. 390 ; Butler, Guzerat ; 



Stray Feathers, Vol. Ill, p. 462 ; Deccan, Stray Feathers, VoL 



IX, p. 391; Murray's Vertebrate Zoology of Sind, p. 120; 



Swinhoe and Barnes, Central India ; Ibis, 1885, p. 64. 

 T^ EUROPEAN HOOPOE. 



Length, 12 to 12'5 ; wing, 5'5 ; tail, 4 ; tarsus, 0*8 ; bill at front, 

 175 to 2. 



Bill black, reddish at base ; irides red-brown ; legs brownish- 

 black. 



Head, with the feathers of the crest, pale cinnamon-rufous, 

 tipped with black, and with a white space between the black 

 and rufous on the median and posterior feathers ; hind-neck, 

 Asides of neck, interscapulars, and shoulders of the wings, pale 

 fawn, passing into brownish-ashy ; the middle of the back banded 

 white and black ; the upper tail-eoverts white at the base, ended 



