PH YLLORN ITHIN.E . 189 



more or less edged paler, and the pale edging often extends to 

 the darker feathers of the hind-head and nape, giving it a speckled 

 appearance ; rump somewhat cinerascent ; upper tail-coverts 

 white ; beneath, from the top of the breast, brown, edged with 

 ash, paling posteriorly, and becoming albescent on the lower 

 abdomen and vent ; under tail-coverts crimson ; wings smoky- 

 brown ; tail brownish-black, tipped with white, except the cen- 

 tral pair. 



The Common Madras Bulbul is very abundant throughout the 

 region, except in Upper Sind, where it is very rare ; it is a per- 

 manent resident and breeds from April to October, rearing at 

 least two broods in the year. The nest is generally built on a 

 low bush or fruit tree, rarely at any great height from the ground. 

 It is neatly but lightly made, cup-shaped, and is composed of 

 grass stems, lined with finer grass, and occasionally with hair. 

 The eggs, three or four in number, are rather longish ovals in 

 shape, pinkish-white in color, speckled, blotched, streaked and 

 clouded with red and purplish-red. They average 09 inches in 

 length by 0'68 in breadth. 



SUB-FAMILY, Phyllornithinse. 



Bill slightly lengthened, more or less curved, of variable 

 strength ; wings moderate ; tail short ; tarsus and feet short, 

 stout. Of a beautiful grass-green color, more or less adorned 

 with various glistening blue patches on the throat and shoulders 

 of the wings. 



GENUS, Phyllornis, Sole. 



Bill moderate or rather long ; culmen keeled, and more or less 

 curved ; tip bent down and notched ; nostrils basal, lengthened ; 

 wings moderately long, with the fourth and fifth quills sub-equal, or 

 the fourth longest ; tail moderate, or rather short, even ; tarsus 

 short, smooth. 



Phyllornis jerdoni, Slyth. 



463. Jerdon's Birds of India, Vol. II, p. 97 ; Butler, Deccan ; 



Stray Feathers, Vol. IX, p. 403. 21 A*-*-*i 



THE COMMON GREEN BULBUL. 



Length, 7*25 ; wing, 3 5 ; tail, 275 ; tarsus, 078 ; bill at front, 

 0-69. 



Bill dusky ; irides light-brown ; legs plumbeous. 



Male, pale grass-green ; shoulder-patch pale shining-blue ; quills f 

 dusky internally ; chin, throat and gorget, deep-black, surrounded [/ (A I 

 by a greenish-yellow band, which extends through the eyes to 

 the forehead ; maxillary streak hyacinth -blue, short. 



The female has the parts that are black in the male light bluish- , 

 green, surrounded by the yellowish band, and the maxillary streak $ I S" ^ 

 light-azure. 



