PHYLLORNITHIN^. 191 



deep black, the former with two white bars, caused by the tips 

 of the greater-coverts ; scapulars also partly white ; the tail 

 tipped with yellowish- white ; beneath bright-yellow ; abdomen and 

 lower tail-coverts pale-yellow ; the flanks have a tuft of white 

 silky feathers, and the bases of the clothing feathers are mostly 

 white. 



In non-breeding plumage, and in males not fully adult, the 

 black of the upper plumage is less in extent, and more 

 mixed with green ; the white of the quills are faintly edged with 

 pile-yellow externally, and the innermost ones are white 

 internally near the tip ; and the pale tips to the tail-feathers are 

 more distinct. 



The female is entirely grass-green above, pale-yellow beneath ; 

 the wings blackish, with whitish bars and yellow edges ; and the 

 tail green pale tipped. 



Mr. Hume has gone fully into this question in Stray Feathers, 

 Vol. Y, p. 428, et seq. 



The White-winged Green Bulbul is a permanent resident in the 

 Deccan ; it is also common in parts of Rajpootana and at Mhow, 

 Central India ; it does not occur in Sind, and in the plains of 

 Northern Guzerat it is replaced by the next species. 



They breed from May to September. The nest is generally 

 placed on the upper surface of a horizontal bough, and is very 

 neatly made, deeply cup-shaped, and is composed of grass and 

 fibres, coated outside with spider's webs. 



The eggs, two or three in number, are moderately broad oval 

 in shape, slightly pointed towards one end. The ground-color 

 is greyish- white (but occasionally with a creamy tinge), with long 

 streaky blotches of pale-brown or brownish-red. They measure 

 0'68 in length by 0'54 in breadth. /] 



loraJJBgithina) nigrolutea, Marshall. 



46 Sbis. Butler, Guzerat ; Stray Feathers, Vol. V, p. 220. 3, q k 



THE WESTERN IORA. 



In breeding plumage the male has the forehead, crown, occiput 

 and nape, glossy black, the black terminating in a well defined 

 curved line ; the chin, throat, cheeks, ear-coverts, breast, sides 

 of neck, and a broad half-collar occupying the base of the back 

 of the neck and the upper back, intense gamboge-yellow. Rarely 

 this collar is entirely uniform, generally a few of the central 

 .feathers are narrowly fringed at the tips with black, occasionally 

 most of the feathers are so fringed. Mid-back glossy-black, 

 rarely unbroken, generally with a little of the yellow (or towards 

 the rump, greenish ), bases of the feathers showing through ; 

 in one specimen with a great deal of this ; rump pale-greenish, 

 the white bases of the feathers often showing through a good 

 deal ; upper tail-coverts and tail black, the former with a 

 bluish gloss, the latter with all the feathers tipped white, the 

 white not unfrequently running some distance up the margin of *^ 



