tt LARIN.E. 423 



primaries are new and very dark brown, almost black, with only 

 the basal half of the shafts white, and even that slightly tinged 

 brown ; some of the secondaries, scapulars, coverts and feathers 

 of the back are brown ; the same dull pale umber as the first 

 two primaries, and so are two of the tail feathers, while the whole 

 of the rest of the wings and tail are of the same deep blackish 

 brown as the third to the tenth primaries. What is noticeable 

 is, that on the back and scapulars the paler brown feathers have 

 no white tippings, which most probably have worn off, these 

 feathers being the old ones, but all the dark feathers of these parts 

 have narrow brownish white margins. The upper tail-coverts 

 are conspicuously tipped with white, and the longer ones have 

 two very broad slightly rufous or fulvous-white bars ; the fore- 

 head, crown, and occiput are dull pale wood-brown, here and 

 there faintly tinged rufescent ; the feathers with pretty broad 

 blackish brown central streaks ; the lores are greyish- white ; the 

 feathers narrowly dark centred ; the cheeks, ear-coverts and nape 

 are white, more or less tinged with fulvous or buffy, with very 

 narrow dark brown shaft-stripes ; the chin and throat white ; the 

 feathers of the base of the neck all round and the breast white, 

 tinged in places fulvous, in places slightly rufescent, with a broad 

 dark brown subterminal transverse band ; the sides, flanks and 

 lower tail-coverts are white, with broad brown transverse bars, 

 which in some of the lower tail- coverts have a slight rufescent 

 aureola ; the abdomen and vent are white, but on the sides of the 

 abdomen there are faint traces of barrings similar to those of the 

 breast and flanks ; the axillaries are broadly barred, with somewhat 

 greyish-brown and greyish-white ; the tibial feathers pure brown." 



SUB-FAMILY, Larinae. 

 Bill long, straight above, and slightly curved at tip. 



GENUS, Larus, Lin. 



Bill moderate, strong, compressed, cultrated, bent down at tip ; 

 lower mandible angled beneath ; nostrils linear, lateral, longitu- 

 dinal, pervious ; tibia naked ; tarsi moderate ; toes palmated ; 

 hind-toe free, short and high on the tarsus ; wings long. 



Larus cachinnans, Pall. 



978bis. Murray's Vertebrate Zoology of Sind, p. 316. 



THE YELLOW-LEGGED HERRING GULL. 



Length, 23'0 to 2575 ; expanse, 58 to 60 ; wing, 1675 to 18 ; 

 tarsus, 2-5 to 278 ; bill at front, T9 to 2'35. 



Bill yellow, red at tip beneath in summer ; in winter it is dull, 

 yellow, whitish at tip, with a dark spot on both mandibles near 

 the tip and an orange spot at the tip of the lower one. Stray 

 Feathers, Vol. I, p. 270. 



Summer plumage. Entire head, neck all round, entire lower 

 parts, upper tail-coverts and tail pure white ; entire mantle and 



