28 STUDIES OF AMERICAN BARLEYS AND MALTS. 



barley. A barley, for instance, of which 3 per cent do not grow, 

 is rated as 97 for that test or division, a deduction of 1 point being 

 made for each dead berry or germ. The imgerminated barley 

 berries are, however, of greater value than an equal number of 

 grains of wheat or oats, these being too large and heavy to be re- 

 moved by screening, blowing, or steeping. As wheat or oats may 

 cause protein turbidity in the product, not more than 2 per cent 

 of such grains should be permissible in a standard barley and 3 

 points should be deducted for every per cent of unremovable foreign 

 matter. For all offal that is removed by screening, blowing, and 

 steeping, only 1 point is deducted for every per cent, because it is 

 not directly harmful. This offal, together with the unremovable 

 foreign matter and the sprouters, should not exceed 6 per cent in a 

 standard barley. This means that a standard barley, after cleaning 

 and skimming, and after deduction has been made for unremovable 

 foreign matter, should yield at least 94 per cent of malting barley. 



When valuing barleys from the point of view of the maltster or 

 brewer the deductions for offal should not be included in the final 

 average, which should refer to the cleaned barley. Only for exhibi- 

 tion purposes should the deductions for offal be included in the final 

 average. A barley containing as much as 15 per cent of screenings 

 and skimmings, etc.. would only yield 85 per cent of malting barley 

 and could not be considered a standard barley. The 85 per cent of 

 malting barley may, however, be of good or even excellent quality, 

 although probably of low 1,000-berry weight, Its quality is to be 

 determined by the maltster's test (divisions 1 to 12) or the brewer's 

 test (divisions 2 to 14), division 6, offal, being in both cases omitted 

 from the final average, The number of points deducted in one divi- 

 sion should be of equal value or importance as indicating inferiority 

 of quality as those in another division. Thus a Manchuria barley 

 with 9 per cent of protein would lose, on account of having 2 per cent 

 less protein than normal, 6 points, and its rate of inferiority would 

 be considered equivalent to that of a barley with 6 per cent of berries 

 not germinated, or with 3 per cent of moisture above normal, or 6 

 per cent of offal, or 2 per cent of unremovable foreign seeds, or a 

 1,000-kernel weight of 3 grams below or above the normal. Likewise 

 a barley with 14 per cent of protein, or 2 per cent 'above normal, 

 would be rated as to inferiority 2X3 points. 



This system is equally applicable to all four groups of American 

 barley, but the normal conditions and the requirements to be met by 

 the model barley are somewhat different for each group. 



TESTS OR EXAMINATIONS REQUIRED. 



For commercial valuation: (a) Merchants' or graders' tests, 1 to 8; (b) 

 maltsters' tests, 1 to 12 ; brewers' and seed barley tests, 2 to 4. 

 For exhibit valuation : Tests 2 to 14, excepting 11 and 12. 



