REVIEW OF TFfK LITERATURE. 11 



ruling to about the middle of tin- kernel; whereas the in.-olnble 

 protein i- found near the periphery of the endosperm. The l>est 

 hurley- for brewing purpo-e- are tlio-c containing a nuMliuin amount 

 of protein. namely, from 1 <)..' to li' per cent. He find- that the 

 honlein and the insoluble protein- ri-e in general with the total 

 protein. 



The increase of protein i- always followed by a decrease of one 

 or more of the other < -on-t ituent- of hurley. The opposite i- also 

 true. Tin- protein -iib-tance-. from th- -tandpoint of the brewer and 

 malt.-ter, are now U'ing con-idered a- of the utmost importance, and 

 a relation het ween them ami the starch was one of the first to be 

 noted, llaa-- -howed that an increase of protein wa- followed by 

 a corre-pundinir decrease of -larch. Thi- law was based on results 

 obtained, diirinir .-everal year-, from Sile-ian barley-, and appeared 

 to hold good for thi- variety. A> the relation \\a- not found t< he 

 true in regard to other barley-, it ha- been the -uhject of much 



COllt I 



It is well known that barley- pre-eiit difference- in phy-ical ap- 

 pearancr. Some irrain- -how a mealy or floury endo-perm, while the 

 endo-perm ,f other- i-, flinty and translucent. The rea-on- for these 

 difl'erenee- and tin- inthienee which they exert on malting and brew- 

 ini: and the relation U-t \\n-n the .-haraeter of the jrrain and the 

 protein content have likewi-e been the stibjectsof much -tudy. Brown 

 ha- oh-er\ed that -t-ely ^rain- can often U conxei'ted into the mealy 

 kind: that i-. made mellow, through artificial maturation by -leepin^- 

 01- even by weathering after harve-t. .lohann-en long ago showed 

 that the difference hctw.-cn a mealy and a -teely or irla y barley 

 wa- due to the irreater number of air -pace- in the endosperm of the 

 former, and that in the original condition barley- -how no relation 

 between the degree of ir!a--ine and the percentage of nitrogen. In 

 !-;- Jacob-en wrote, in correspondence, that in Knjrland it was the 

 general opinion that gla ine and the protein content of barley 

 were related. In IST^ (iroenlund wrote an essay in which he showed 

 that early harve-ted barley can be ju-t as mellow as later harvested 

 barley, and that glassy barley may become mealy by steeping and 

 H'h-e.|iient drying. He examined 47 different barleys, 6 and con- 

 eluded that irla y barleys did not always contain more protein than 

 mealy one-, but that very often the opposite is true. Schultze c like- 

 found no relation between glassy kernels and the nitrogen con- 

 tent, but noted that mealy kernels may contain more nitrogen than 

 -teely one-. In 1870 Xowacki d showed that the difference between a 



.ipt. n-nd. travaux lat>.. CarKlM-r^, 1884, 2: 60. 

 I, -esnui. Hrauw., 1886, 9: 288. 

 Ibid., 1881, 4: 62. 

 * Untersuchungen tiber das Reifen des Getreides, Halle, 1870. 



