COMPILED DATA UNDER GREEN TABLE NUMBERS. 59 



any interference with their general condition. Local changes of more serious nature 

 lave more frequently been observed in the mucous membranes and on the skin. 

 Thus, in one case, a camePs-hair pencil, soaked with anilin color, accidently entered 

 the eye, and at first nothing was noticed but a violet blue coloration, later inflamma- 

 on and chemosis took place. I have observed local swelling and indurations of the 

 Jdn, particularly on the cheeks, in the case of children after they had worn caps 

 colored with anilin dye. 



11. Winton (Connecticut Agric. Exper. Sta. Report, 1901, p. 181) 

 lays : 



Although there is evidence that most of the coal-tar dyes are not injurious to some 

 of the lower animals, it is not safe to assume that they are entirely harmless to human 

 >eings. The dog, an animal used in most of Weyl's experiments, has a proverbially 

 trong stomach, and eats with no apparent discomfort many things which would 

 disturb the digestion of a man. 



12. Chlopin, in his book published in 1903 (see p. 75), states as 

 'ollows : 



(Page 114.) * * * All the dyes examined by me I divided into three categories: 

 Dyes which caused striking general symptoms of poisoning and led to the death of 

 the animal, or would have led to it if the experiments were not purposely discon- 

 inued, I designate by the term poisonous; dyes which induced some separate and 

 ^mporary symptoms of disease, for instance, vomiting, diarrhea, separation of albu- 

 nen in the urine, the general condition remaining normal, I designate as suspicious; 

 astly, the dyes which caused no apparent disturbance during the experiments are 

 designated by the term nonpoisonous. I purposely do not call the last category 

 larmless, because by our experiments the question could not be decided negatively 

 is to whether the nonpoisonous dyes did not cause some finer pathological changes in 

 the organism and functions which could not bs detected by simple observation. 



(Pages 219-221.) Thus, according to all the investigators quoted, there were found 

 il together 22 poisonous and harmful dyes, out of about 60 dyes examined; which 

 nakes 36.7 per cent of poisonous and harmful dyes among those examined. 



My investigations gave 30 per cent of poisonous and 40 per cent of suspicious dyes. 



The percentages above given have a fairly well established basis, since they were 

 btained by the examination of 100 dyes, which is about one-fifth of all the dyes in 

 commerce. Further, considering the distribution of the poisonous and harmful dyes 

 according to various chemical groups, we find that they occur in 12 of the 18 groups, 

 pind we can not note any regularity in this distribution; it is impossible to say that 

 Jiere is any definite connection between the fact that the dye belongs to a certain 

 ihemical group and its action on the animal organism. Usually among the dyes of 

 me and the same group there are some harmful ones, but there are also some harmless 

 nes, and the ones and the others have very similar composition. This or that action 

 )f the dyes on the animal organism, as we shall presently see, is determined more by 

 delicate difference in the internal structure of their molecules than by those 

 iifferences on which is based, at the present time, the classification of the aromatic 

 iyes. 



On the basis of the whole experimental material on hand mine and that of other 

 nvestigators I can make only the following very few and purely empirical generaliza- 

 tions: 



1 . According to the shade produced, the poisonous and harmful colors are distributed 

 is follows: Most of all poisonous dyes are found among the Yellows and the Oranges; 

 then come the Blues, then the Browns and the Blacks; there are very few harmful 

 dyes among the Violets and Greens; among the Reds was found only one suspicious 

 , and no poisonous ones. 



