78 COAL-TAR COLORS USED IN FOOD PRODUCTS. 



14. "The president of the Council of Oppeln forbids on April 19, 1899, the use of Saf- 



fron Surrogate for coloring food products." 



15. LEWIN (Lehrbuch der Toxikologie, 1897, p. 232): "Saffron Surrogate * * 



which is used for coloring foodstuffs, is poisonous. It appears to attack the 

 coloring matter of the blood, and produces, in the case of dogs, vomiting, cramps, 

 and convulsions. * * * Feathers colored with Saffron Surrogate cause 

 burning and itching, and finally blisters on the hands of the women working 

 with them; the faces were also similarly affected, and this was accompanied by 

 loss of appetite and fever." 



16. Buss lists it as poisonous. 



G. T. 3. 



Trade names. Martius Yellow; Naphthol Yellow; Naphthylene Yel- 

 low; Naphthylamin Yellow; Manchester Yellow; Golden Yellow; Saf- 

 fron Yellow; Jaune d'Or; Jaune Naphthol. 



Scientific name. Dinitro-alpha-naphthol. 



Discovered. 1864. 



Shade. Yellow. Not offered. 



FAVORABLE. 



Nothing. 



UNFAVORABLE. 



1. Prohibited by Confectioners' List. 



2. WEYL (p. 31): "Cazeneuve and L&pine pointed out the poisonous nature of I 



Martius Yellow * * *." 



3. " This body (Chamber of Commerce at Sonneberg) recommends for the prepara- 



tion of children's toys three colors, the poisonous character of which I can 

 demonstrate. These are Martius Yellow * * *." (p. 34.) 



4. "For instance, for preliminary researches, dogs and rabbits have value for 



chemical reasons. The conclusions derived from such experiments must be 

 accepted with great deliberation, since it happens that rabbits will bear without 

 injury doses which will seriously, nay, even fatally, act upon the dog, as I 

 have already shown to be the case with Martius Yellow." (p. 56.) 



5. Where two experiments by Cazeneuve and Lepine are referred to, in which 



diarrhea, vomiting, and albuminuria were produced by this substance. 

 (pp. 85-89.) 



6. Weyl's own experiments on 4 dogs showed weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, and 



albuminuria resulting from the use of this color; the amounts of color admin- 

 istered per kilogram of body weight were 73, 17.5, 17.5, and 11.3 milligrams, 

 which amount to 51, 12, 12, and 8 grains, respectively, per 100 pounds of 

 body weight, (p. 87.) 



7. "Martius Yellow, therefore, belongs to the injurious colors. As a coloring matter 



for food and drink its use should be wholly prohibited." (p. 89.) 



8. " * * * and Martius Yellow are poisonous; * * *." (p. 96.) 



9. LEWIN (Lehrbuch der Toxikologie, 1897, p. 231): "Like Saffron Surrogate, it is 



poisonous. In an experiment on myself, using large doses, I noticed among 

 others the general yellow coloration of the skin. In a poisoning resulting 

 fatally after 5 hours with Martius Yellow, vomiting, yellow coloration of the 

 skin and mucous membranes were observed; whereas the autopsy revealed, 

 among other things, hemorrhagic gastritis. (Jacobson, Hosp. Tid., 1893, p. 

 765.)" 



