94 COAL-TAR COLORS USED IN FOOD PRODUCTS. 



UNFAVORABLE. 



1. Forbidden by Confectioners' List. 



2. Forbidden by Swiss Analytical chemists. 



3. WEYi(p.H5): ''Poisonous Orange II. * * *." 



4. "Betanaphthol Orange is, therefore, according to Experiment I, poisonous in 



small doses when administered by the stomach, and suffices to kill an ordinarily 

 large strong dog." (p. 123) 



5. A. WeyFs own experiments on two dogs, the initial dose in one case being 476 



milligrams per kilogram body weight, or 333 grains per 100 pounds body weight; 

 the animal receiving in the course of 20 days, in four doses, 1,333 milligrams 

 per kilogram body weight, or 933 grains per 100 pounds body weight; or 335 

 milligrams per dose per kilogram body weight; that is, 225 grains per dose per 

 100 pounds body weight. The animal died, and suffered diarrhea and albumi- 

 nurflE? and its urine was colored red throughout the entire period. B. The 

 second dog received hypodermically per kilogram body weight, 116 milligrams, 

 or 61 grains per 100 pounds body weight; its urine was colored; albuminuria, 

 diarrhea, loss of hair, abscesses, and loss of weight occurred. It required 36 

 days to recover from four doses administered during one week. C. A rabbit 

 received 1,333 milligrams per kilogram body weight, or 933 grains per 100 

 pounds body weight, and died within 12 hours, (p. 122) 



6. "Of the 23 Azo colors subjected to examination only two * * * Orange II 



produce(s) such effects when administered by the stomach that we can con- 

 sider it poisonous. With dogs the lethal dose is less than 1 gram per kilo of 

 the body weight of Orange II * * *. " (p. 147.) 



7. "Further Orange II, which is poisonous * * *." 



8. "The poisonous qualities of Orange II." 



9. "Further, in spite of the presence of the sulpho groups, colors may be poisonous, 



as is shown with Orange II." (p. 148.) 



10. CHLOPIN (Zts. Ndhr. Genussm., 1902, v. 5, p. 241)'. A. A dog received 349 milli- 



grams per kilogram body weight, or 244 grains per 100 pounds body weight for 

 the first day of experiment, which dose was repeated on the third and fourth 

 days; nothing untoward is noted for the first three days in the condition of the 

 dog; the urine was dark red but free from albumen; on the fifth and sixth days 

 two-thirds of the above amount was given, and on the seventh and eighth days 

 the original dose was given. On the fourth day the animal was frisky and had 

 a good appetite but was vomiting; on the fifth day vomiting stopped, but 

 diarrhea ensued, which diarrhea continued for one week; the weight remained 

 practically constant; the urine was colored throughout from dark red to orange 

 red and dark brown and became normal the fourth day after the last administra- 

 tion. B . Humans: Chlopin took 200 milligrams, or 3^ grains, in a gelatin capsule 

 at 3 p. m.; at 4.30 p. m. the urine was colored a strong red orange; at 6 p. m. 

 a dryness of throat and bad taste in mouth appeared; at 6.30 p. m. felt very 

 badly; vertigo and unable to remain seated and continue writing; blood rushed 

 to head; the general condition very poor; somewhat improved by moving 

 about in open air; 7.30 felt so poorly took Glauber's salt as an antidote; 11 p. m. 

 ill condition still continuing; urine normal yellow; midnight recovered. 



Chlopin states that he would not repeat this experiment on himself, or on 

 any other human,' and he concludes therefore that this color must be regarded 

 as harmful. 



11. CHLOPIN (p. 133) classes it as "harmful." The experimental data are as follows: 



