136 



COAL-TAR COLORS USED IN FOOD PRODUCTS. 



Experimental data by Chlopin. 

 [1 gram=77 mg=54 grains.] 



G. T. 584. 



Trade names. Safranin; Safranin S; Safranin cone.; Safranin 

 GOO; Safranin T; Safranin extra G; Safranin FF extra; Safranin 

 AG, AGT, and OOF. 



Name under which, it was offered on the United States market as a 

 food color in 1907. Safranin SP. 



Scientific name. Mixture of diamido-phenyl-and-tolyl-tolazonium 

 chlorids. 



Discovered and patented. 1859. 



Shade. Reddish brown. Offered bv 1 out of 12 sources. 



FAVORABLE. 



1. CAZENEUVE (Arch. gen. de med. 1886, Vol. I, p. 753): Produces gastrointestinal 

 disturbances but is not a violent poison. 



UNFAVORABLE. 



1. Prohibited by Confectioners' List. 



2. WEYL (p. 31): "Cazeneuve and Lepine pointed out the poisonous nature of 



* * * Safranine." 



3. "This body (Chamber of Commerce of Sonneberg) recommends for the prepara- 



tion of children's toys three colors, the poisonous character of which I can 

 demonstrate. These are * * * Safranine * * * . (p. 34.) 



4. WEYL (Handbuch der Hygiene): "According to Theodore Weyl this is even in small 



doses, when injected subcutaneously, a strong poison " (50 milligrams per kilo 

 body weight, or 35 grains per 100 pounds); "whereas, when administered by 

 the stomach only large doses over a long period of time produce diarrhea." 



5. LEWIN (Lehrbuch der Toxikologie, 1897, p. 232): "Safranin is poisonous when 



injected intravenously. (Pulse acceleration, dyspnoea, cramps.) Fed to dogs 

 by the mouth it causes only diarrhea." 



6. Prohibited by the Resolutions of the Society of Swiss Analytical Chemists, of 



September, 1891. 



7. Prohibited by the Canton of Tessin. 



8. Buss lists it as poisonous. 



9. CAZENEUVE AND LEPINE (Compt. rend. 1885, v. 101, p. 1011): A dog (weight not 



given) was given, by the mouth, daily doses of from 1 to 4 grams for several 

 weeks; only salivation and diarrhea were produced. They conclude that it 

 is a harmful color. 



