DOSAGE AND SYMPTOMS. 153 



X. DOSAGE AND SYMPTOMS. 

 CONFECTIONERS' LIST AS A BASIS FOR A RULE. 



Considering the Confectioners' List of 1899 as a correct guide as to 

 hich colors are harmful and which are harmless, the attempt has 

 n made to determine how far dosage and the corresponding 

 hysiological effects may serve as a guide in determining which colors, 

 ther than those enumerated in either portion of the Confectioners' 

 ist, are harmful or harmless. (See p. 48.) 



To this end the available literature has been searched and classified, 

 nd wherever it was possible to arrive at any conclusion as to the 

 ;tual dose or the average dose over a stated period of time, and the 

 rresponding physiological observations, these data have been sepa- 

 ated and brought together for the purpose of making comparisons 

 nd deductions therefrom. 



It was thought that the literature would show that if a dog or other 

 nimal is killed by a certain given amount of color per 100 pounds of 

 body weight of the animal that such color is always harmful ; that if 

 untoward effects, such as vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and general 

 depression, are caused by more than a certain weight of color per 100 

 unds body weight of the animal, such color is always regarded as 

 harmless. 



The classification of the available literature and the conclusions 

 therefrom are as follows: 



Of the 33 coal-tar colors listed as harmless in the Confectioners' 

 List, 10, namely, G. T. 4, 9, 55, 65, 85, 103, 105, 107, 448, and 462, 

 have been tested on humans, while the conclusion as to the remaining 

 23 is reached by the effects observed on dogs alone. However, con- 

 tradictory statements are recorded in the case of No. 9, and none of 

 these tests was of long-continued duration, but, on the contrary, in 

 many cases the time covered was exceedingly short, and the conclu- 

 sions deduced are, therefore, not necessarily final nor correct. It 

 should be further noted that Nos. 95 and 106, reported as nonpoi- 

 sonous to humans, are in the harmful section of this Confectioners' 

 List. 



I. Those colors which produced no effect are as follows (the num- 

 ber of grains given is the amount administered per 100 pounds body 

 weight; where the data permitted, the number of days' duration of 

 the experiment is also given: 



Grains. 



5. Brilliant Yellow S 532 



13. Ponceau 4 GB 113 



521. Phloxin 100 



521. Phloxin.. . 300 



