56 Rent, 



rangement of labour, as well as a 'better cultivation of the 

 land in tillage. Hence, while the price of wheat has greatly 

 advanced during the last twenty years, above the average 

 price of the preceding twenty, the rent of land has not only 

 risen, but has increased in a higher proportion. More grain, 

 and that of a better quality, has been produced on the same 

 extent of land, and a greater amount of disposable surplus 

 has gone to market (* 85 ). 



Out of this surplus disposable produce, it is evident, that 

 the rent must be paid. But it is difficult to divide its amount 

 between the landlord and tenant, as so much depends upon 

 the seasons, and on the prices of the different articles which 

 the farm produces. In bad seasons also, every deficiency of 

 produce, in the acres set apart for supporting home population, 

 must be made up from the disposable surplus ; nor is it pos- 

 sible to apply the same rules to all situations, soils, and cli- 

 mates, in all the various districts of an extensive country. It 

 may be proper, however, to give some general idea of the 

 proportion of produce paid as rent, 1 . In Scotland ; and, 2. In 

 England. 



1. In Scotland, the following table exhibits what is con- 

 sidered to be a fair proportion, where the land is cultivated. 



Table of Rent on Arable Farms. 



Rent 

 per English Aert. 



1. Where land produces L.10, 10s. per acre per 



annum, one-third, or - - L.3 10 



2. Where land produces L.6. 1 2s. per annum, one- 

 fourth, or - iHiij 1 1 13 



S. Where land produces only L.4, 5s. per acre, one- 

 fifth, or 17 0( 186 ) 



In regard to grazing farms, they are let on principles totally 

 different from the arable, namely, according to the quantity of 

 stock they can maintain ; and as they are not liable to the 

 same expense of management, both the landlord and the 

 tenant receive larger shares of the produce, than in the case 

 of arable farms* 



2. In England, on the other hand, the husbandmen and 

 their landlords are in a kind of partnership, in which the te- 

 nant provides all the capital, and undertakes the management 

 of the whole concern ; as a remuneration for which, and for 

 the interest of the money he has invested in it, he is allowed, 

 on arable land, equal to what is considered to be one moiety 



